From adaptation to recovery: mechanisms of inflammation resolution in immunometabolic allostasis (literature review)

Abstract

Background. Traditionally, the termination of inflammation has been regarded as a passive decline of the pro-inflammatory response after elimination of the injurious stimulus. However, inflammation resolution is now recognized as an active process involving coordinated immune, neuroendocrine, and metabolic mechanisms required for tissue repair and recovery. This concept provides a basis for new approaches to treatment, metabolic support, and rehabilitation. Aim. To analyze current concepts of inflammation resolution from an immunometabolic perspective and to substantiate the concept of immunometabolic resolution as a systemic process mediating the transition from adaptation to recovery. Materials and Methods. A narrative review of studies indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar between 2000 and 2025 was conducted. Studies addressing inflammation resolution, neuroendocrine regulation, tissue insulin sensitivity, thyroid adaptation, mitochondrial function, post-traumatic recovery, and metabolic disorders were analyzed. The study was conducted as a private initiative of the authors, without grant support or state registration of the research topic. Research Ethics. Only sources that comply with current bioethical standards were selected for the analysis.