Наукові праці. Кафедра судової медицини, медичного правознавства імені заслуженого професора М.С. Бокаріуса

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210 Years of the forensic medicine and medical jurisprudens department at the Kharkiv national medical university
(2015) Olhovsky, Vasil; Kaplunovsky, Petro; Gubin, Mykola; Khyzhniak, Vladimir; Sokol, Vjacheslav
90 років з дня проведення Першого Всеукраїнського судово-медичного з’їзду
(2016) Ольховський, Василь Олексійович; Бондаренко, Владислав Вікторович; Губін, Микола Володимирович; Сокол, Вячеслав Костянтинович
Наведені історичні та документальні дані щодо проведення в м. Харкові в 1925 році Першою Всеукраїнського судово-медичного з'їзду, ініціатором й організатором якого був Заслужений професор М.С. Бокаріус. Висвітлені основні питання, що були розглянути під час роботи з’їзду, визначені проблеми та перспективи розвитку вітчизняної судової медицини
All together to Fight Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
(2020) Momtazmanesh, Sara; Ochs, Hans D.; Uddin, Lucina Q.; Perc, Matjaz; Routes, John M.; Vieira, Duarte Nuno; Al-Herz, Waleed; Baris, Safa; Prando, Carolina; Rosivall, Laszlo; Latiff, Amir Hamzah Abdul; Ulrichs, Timo; Stashchak, Anzhela; Kryvenko, Oleksandr; Stashchak, Mykola; Bondarenko, Anastasiia; Rezaei, Nima
Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), named a pandemic by the WHO, is the current global health crisis. National and international collaboration are indispensable for combating COVID-19 and other similar potential outbreaks. International efforts to tackle this complex problem have led to remarkable scientific advances. Yet, as a global society, we can and must take additional measures to fight this pandemic. Undoubtedly, our approach toward COVID-19 was not perfect, and testing has not been deployed fast enough to arrest the epidemic early on. It is critical that we revise our approaches to be more prepared for pandemics as a united body by promoting global cooperation and commitment.
Analysis of color properties of raster images of histological microspecimens: own research experience
(2022) Ivanova, Mariia; Myroshnychenko, Mykhailo; Khara, Georgy; Arseniev, Oleksandr; Olkhovsky, Vasil; Grygorian, Edgar; Fedulenkova, Yuliya; Kozlov, Sergii
This study is aimed to develop a computer program to analyze the color propertiesof raster images of histological microspecimens used in pathological anatomy and forensic medicine. When developing a computer program, we used the system for building client applications – Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF). The system allows you to create applications with visually attractive user interaction capabil ties. The programming language is C#, as well as basic graphics capabilities of the .NET Framework system are used. To speed up the display we applied double buffering. In the course of the research, the authors developed a modern computer program «Analysis of color properties of raster images». This program allows you to analyze the color of each individual pixel of a photograph in RGB and Lab color models, comparing the colors and brightness of individual pixels, selecting groups of points and determining statistical characteristics of them. Characteristic points are well distinguishable in the photographs, studied with the program «Analysis of color properties of raster images». This makes it possible to select and automate these properties, using computer recognition algorithms, completely removing human factor’s influence on the analysis results. The computer program «Analysis of color properties of raster images» is of significant scientific and practical interest for specialists both in the field of morphology (pathologists, forensic experts, etc.), and in the field of other biomedical disciplines.
Changes of rat's brain vesseles after air shock wave exposure
(2024) Kozlova, Yu.; Kozlov, S.; Maslak, H.; Bondarenko, O.; Dunaev, O.; Oberemok, M.
Cholinesterase in different types of the muscle tissue during the early postmortem period for diagnosis of death coming
(Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 2021) Cherkashina, Lidiya; Shklyar, Anton; Sukhonosov, Roman; Miroshnikova, Olha; Naguta, Ludmyla; Olkhovskiy, Vasyl; Demikhova, Nadiia; Kuts, Larysa; Barchan, Ganna; Sukhomlyn, Ganna; Kyptenko, Ludmila
The purpose of the research: consisted in study of postmortem regularities in the content of cholinesterase in different types of muscle tissue (MT) for improving accuracy of determination of the prescription of death coming PDC.Materials and methods: The activity/level of cholinesterase was determined in homogenates of the myocardial (MMH), oesophageal (OMH), diaphragm (DMH) and intercostal muscles (IMH)within the early PMP (3-13 hours after the coming of death) on 30 human corpses. MTwas sampled in conditions of postmortem biopsy with use of special instruments; MT homogenates were prepared following the standard technique with subsequent determination of cholinesterase content in MT homogenates. Results and discussion: The analysis of postmortem changes in the content of cholinesterase in MT depending upon PDC revealed that after 3 hours from the moment of death coming its highest content was in muscles of the oesophagus, the least one being in MT of the intercostal muscles (respectively, (2,717.1±37.1) and (883.5±6.2) U/g, р<0.001). Levels of cholinesterase content in MT of the myocardium and diaphragm were rather close, though they differed (respectively, (1,213.8±8.8) and (1,512.8±11.5) U/g, р<0.05), and occupied an intermediate place between the corresponding values of MT of the intercostal muscles and oesophagus.A common pattern for the content of cholinesterase in different types of MT was characterized by a decrease of this content with an increase in PDC terms; besides, the dynamic lines of its changes, that we obtained, became basic ones for substantiating quantitative time dependencies and construction of relevant nomograms for forensic diagnosis of PDC by cholinesterase content in MT. Conclusions: It was proved that the content of cholinesterase in all MT homogenates, which we studied, changed regularly (and nonlinearly), but the initial and final levels of cholinesterase content differed depending upon the type of MT. Besides, the dynamics in changes of the content of cholinesterase within the time period of 3÷13 hours from the moment of death coming differed upon the type of MT too. Advantages of the technique consist in theintegrity of biochemical examination of different types of MT and simplicity in interpretation of findings. The application of the nomogram technique for assessing PDC by cholinesterase content in MT makes it possible to improve the accuracy of diagnosis for terms of the coming of death up to 60 minutes.
Commission forensic-medical examinations at determining the severity of closed chest injuries
(2023) Gubin, M.; Malykhina, O.; Voitov, E.; Serbinenko, I.; Gaynanova, V.
Victims with closed blunt trauma to the chest often become the object of commission forensic medical examination. The work aimed to determine the possibility of improving the effectiveness of forensic diagnostics of closed blunt chest injury based on the results of the analysis and expert assessment of bodily injuries based on the conclusions of commission forensic examinations. Forty-two conclusions of the commission's forensic medical examination, conducted in the Kharkiv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination regarding closed blunt chest trauma, were analyzed. According to the mechanism of closed blunt chest injury, blunt objects were impacted on the chest. Modern approaches to the expert assessment of bodily injuries in the case of this injury have been determined. Severe injuries were found in 19 (45.2%) cases of damages with the occurrence of life-threatening phenomena, namely, acute respiratory and pulmonary-cardiac insufficiency. Injuries of moderate severity were established in 21 (50%) cases, mainly injuries with rib fractures due to the absence of danger to life. Light injuries were found in 2 (4.8%) cases, primarily injuries with the occurrence of pneumothorax. It has been established that there is no single scientific and methodical approach for objectively assessing closed blunt chest injury. Based on the research results, the ways of further unifying the morpho-clinical approach in the forensic assessment of the specified injuries were determined.
Comparative analysis of several external factors which affect the development of postmortem changes
(2020) Grygorian, Edgar
Correlations between external factors and postmortem changes’ development were defined. The retrospective analysis of forensic medical reports was performed. To assess the level of postmortem changes’ development, the Total Body Score method was used. The analysis revealed that, in studied cases, there were weak correlations of: 1) the ambient temperature, in which the biggest mean correlation value, among studied factors, was observed; 2) thickness of clothes on corpse; 3) duration of postmortem stay outdoors. The other studied factors showed very weak connection with postmortem changes’ development. Also, no substantial differences between the genders were observed. These results could be used as to the elaborate the present methods of postmortem interval evaluation, as to develop the new techniques of its assessment.
COVID-19 Vaccine Boosters: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
(2021) Rzymski, Piotr; Camargo, Carlos; Fal, Andrzej; Flisiak, Robert; Gwenzi, Willis; Kelishadi, Roya; Leemans, Alexander; Nieto, Juan; Ozen, Ahmet; Perc, Matjaž; Poniedziałek, Barbara; Sedikides, Constantine; Sellke, Frank; Skirmuntt, Emilia; Stashchak, Anzhela; Rezaei, Nima
Pursuing vaccinations against COVID-19 brings hope to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and remains the most rational decision under pandemic conditions. However, it does not come without challenges, including temporary shortages in vaccine doses, significant vaccine inequity, and questions regarding the durability of vaccine-induced immunity that remain unanswered. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 has undergone evolution with the emergence of its novel variants, characterized by enhanced transmissibility and ability to at least partially evade neutralizing antibodies. At the same time, serum antibody levels start to wane within a few months after vaccination, ultimately increasing the risk of breakthrough infections. This article discusses whether the administration of booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines is urgently needed to control the pandemic. We conclude that, at present, optimizing the immunity level of wealthy populations cannot come at the expense of low-income regions that suffer from vaccine unavailability. Although the efficiency of vaccination in protecting from infection may decrease over time, current data show that efficacy against severe disease, hospitalization, and death remains at a high level. If vaccine coverage continues at extremely low levels in various regions, including African countries, SARS-CoV-2 may sooner or later evolve into variants better adapted to evade natural and vaccine-induced immunity, ultimately bringing a global threat that, of course, includes wealthy populations. We offer key recommendations to increase vaccination rates in low-income countries. The pandemic is, by definition, a major epidemiological event and requires looking beyond one’s immediate self-interest; otherwise, efforts to contain it will be futile.
Dermatoglyphic features of the mеn's feet in different ciscarpathian ethno-territorial groups
(2021) Gunas, I.; Dunaev, O.; Popadynets, O.; Kozovіy, R.; Kindrativ, E.
In the course of the study, we analyzed the ridge, delta count and the frequency of dermatoglyphic parameters locatedon the plantar surfaces of the feet, studied the correlations between the pattern type and ridge and delta counts. It is esta blishedthat between dermatoglyphic signs of feet in men of different ethno-territorial groups of Prykarpattia (Boyks, Lemkos, Hutsuls)there are differences that allow to differentiate these ethno -territorial groups: Hutsuls have a low numerical value of the ridgecount, no whorl and high frequency of loop patterns; for Boykоs it is a low numerical value of the delta account and a lowfrequency of whorl patterns; for Lemkos it is a high numerical value of the ridge and delta account, a significant frequency ofwhorl patterns.
Detection of pathological changes in the architectonics of polycrystalline blood films using laser-induced polarization interferometry
(2022) Kvasniuk, D.; Trifonyuk, L.; Strashkevich, A.; Kozan, N.; Ushenko, V.; Dunaiev, O.; Kryvetskyi, V.; Oliinyk, I.; Kurek, E.; Tkachuk, V.
The paper presents the results of the possibility of a polarization-interference approach to the analysis of microscopic images polycrystalline blood films of patients of benign and malignant prostate tumours with different degrees of differentiation. Measurements and analysis of maps and histograms of the distribution of the local contrast value of polarization-interference distributions of microscopic images of polycrystalline blood films of patients . Determination of the relationship between the statistical moments of the 1st - 4th orders characterizing the distributions of the local contrast value of the polarization-interference distributions of microscopic images of polycrystalline blood films of patients. Determination of statistical criteria for polarization-interference diagnosis of histological sections of biopsy of adenoma and adenocarcinoma with varying degrees of differentiation. Determination of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of the polarization interferometry method for differential diagnosis of polycrystalline blood films of patients of adenomaand adenocarcinoma with varying degrees of differentiation.
Die ersten Professoren der Nationalen Medizinischen Universität Charkiw, Zöglinge der deutschen höheren medizinischen Schule: zum 220. Jahrestag der Universität (1804–2024)
(2024) Kapustnyk, V.; Pertseva, J.; Olhovskyi, V.; Trübner, K.
Стаття присвячена 220-річчю Харківського національного медичного університету та внеску перших завідувачів кафедр університету, зокрема професорів, випускників німецької вищої медичної школи того часу, у становлення Харківської вищої медичної школи.
The dynamics of changes in biochemical markers of the state of tissue in intercostal muscles during the early postmortem period
(2020) Cherkashina, Lidiya; Konoval, Nataliia; Shklyar, Anton; Najar, Saleh; Haidash, Olena; Kuts, Larysa; Gortinskaya, Olena; Demikhova, Nadiia
The aim of study was to evaluate structural and biochemical changes in the tissue of intercostal muscles during the early postmortem period (PMP) – 3-13 hours. Material and methods. Absolute and relative values of the concentration of glycogen, acid phosphatase, lactate, lactate degydrogenase, lipofuscin and cholinesterase during the early PMP were determined on 30 human corpses by results of study of the tissue of intercostal muscles. Results. It was proved that the early PMP was characterized by proper biochemical and biophysical changes of the muscular tissue, the most demonstrative of them were as follows: a reduction in the concentration of glycogen and dynamic increases in the concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase and lipofuscin. For all six biochemical markers, representative absolute and relative values of their popstmortem content in homogenates of intercostal muscles depending upon the prescription of death coming were obtained. It was found out that the concentration of glycogen during the analysed time intervals ranged from (7.821±0.0649) mg/g in 3 hours after death coning to (3.204±0.030) mg/g in 13 hours after the coming of death, reliably (p<0.001) differing every 2 hours of PMP. The dynamics in the concentration of lactate were found to be demonstrative and characterized by its progressive (p<0.01) increase within the period of 9 hours from the moment of death coming: from (6.847±0.042) mmol/g after 3 hours to (12.960±0.085) mmol/g after 9 hours. The level of lipofuscin concentration in the analysed time intervals progressively rose too: from (2.258±0.031) U/g in 3 hours to (5.589±0.030) U/g in 13 hours, reliably (p<0.001) differing every 2 hours of PMP. Conclusions.Paired correlative indices between biochemical and biophysical markers of the state of tissue of intercostal muscles were examined in their systemic relationships and proper system-creating coefficients were determined by six time intervals of the early PMP, in its turn making it possible to substantiate those of them that were criterially significant for increasing the accuracy of diagnosis of prescription of death coming.
Features of legal support of artificial intelligence in the Asia and Pacific region
(2023) Tiuria, Yuliia; Pochtovyi, Maksym; Medytskyi, Ihor; Mykytyn, Yurii; Kryvenko, Oleksandr
Features of mechanical injuries of the lower extremities according to a forensic medical examination: a retrospective analysis
(2020) Sokol, Viacheslav; Sokol, Kostyantin; Kolesnichenko, Vira
The aim: To study the structure of lower extremities’ mechanical injuries and the reasons for an additional (commission) forensic medical examination appointment, according to a retrospective analysis. Materials and methods: research protocols were116 reports of additional (commission) forensic medical examinations of victims with mechanical trauma to lower extremities; research methods – retrospective analysis, statistical method. Reports of forensic medical commission examination were selected by random sampling, for the period February – June 2018. Results: As a result of a retrospective analysis of commission (additional) forensic medical examination, the prevalence of road traffic injuries (109; 94.0% cases) in mechanical injuries of the lower extremities was established. Domestic (5; 4.2%), work (1; 0.9%) and sports (1; 0.9%) injuries were also indicated It was found that to establish the degree of permanent disability loss according to the outcome of fractures of the femur and shin bones, commission examinations were appointed in 24.1% of cases. The main reason for the commission examinations appointment was to establish the bodily injuries presence (6.9%), as well as to establish the bodily injuries presence and their severity (62.9%) in cases of road traffic injury (lethal and non-lethal). Conclusions: The use of commission forensic medical examination is mainly related to the criminal law criteria of the preliminary investigation stage. The reason for conducting commission examinations on medical criteria is to establish the outcome of a fracture of the lower limb.
Forensic assessment of adverse outcomes of isolated diaphyseal femoral fractures
(2020) Sokol, Vjacheslav
Fractures of the femur diaphysis are one of the most frequent mechanical injuries of the skeleton, however, the frequency and causes of development of complicated post-traumatic period are not well understood. The aim of this work was to study the causes of development of adverse outcomes of isolated diaphyseal femural fractures. Object and methods of the work. A retrospective analysis of the protocols of clinical and radiological examination of 21 patients with adverse outcomes of a femoral diaphysis fracture, which, according to the results of the initial expert assessment, did not establish the severity of injuries due to the development of complications in the postoperative period was performed
Forensic evaluation of clinical observations of injuries of some external respiratory organs
(2022) Gubіn, Mykola; Malykhina, Olena; Voitov, Yevgen; Serbinenko, Igor
In the structure of injuries of the external respiratory system, closed chest injury occupies a leading place. Such injuries in victims may be a reason for forensic medical examinations. The aim of the work was to establish a forensic medical assessment of the severity of injuries of the respiratory system based on clinical observations of closed blunt trauma of the chest to determine additional diagnostic criteria for its seriousness. The material for the study was medical records of 126 patients of the Kharkiv Institute of General and Emergency Surgery, named after V.T. Zaitseva, who had chest injuries. According to the materials of clinical observations of closed chest injuries, the severity of injuries in the victims was assessed. In 24 (19%) cases of closed chest injuries, severe injuries were found mainly with acute respiratory failure as a life-threatening condition. In 72 (57.2%) cases of closed chest injuries, mainly with rib fractures, moderate injuries were found in the absence of danger to life. In 30 (23.8%) cases of chest injuries without rib fractures with intrapleural injuries and complications and mild chest injuries without any complications, assessed as minor injuries. It is established that in the forensic medical examination of closed chest injuries, it is necessary to consider additional diagnostic criteria: the presence of life-threatening phenomena, the dynamics and duration of recovery of post-traumatic morpho-functional changes of injured organs.
Forensic Examination of Living Persons with Blunt Trauma of Some External Respiration Organs
(2019) Olkhovsky, Vasil; Kliuiev, Oleksandr; Gubin, Mykola; Simakova-Yefremian, Ella; Khosha, Vadym
Based on retrospective morphological and clinical analysis of archival materials of Kharkiv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, the frequency and types of injuries of some external respiration organs were determined at the examination of living persons. Peculiarities of forensic expert evaluation in determining the severity of bodily injuries associated with injuries of external respiration organs were described. Ways of improving the quality of forensic expert diagnostics of specified trauma were determined.
Forensic medical aspects of the severity of chest injuries according to the results of the examination of patients in a specialized hospital
(2024) Gubin, M.; Malykhina, O.; Voitov, E.; Serbinenko, I.; Gaynanova, V.
Closed chest trauma can cause impaired functioning of the respiratory system. Victims with closed chest trauma may be subject to forensic medical examination. The purpose of the study is to determine the severity of closed blunt chest trauma from a forensic perspective based on the results of an examination of patients in a specialised hospital to identify additional diagnostic criteria. The material for the study was the medical records of 103 inpatients of the Zaycev V.T. Institute of General and Emergency Surgery. Considering the diagnostic examination of the victims in the observation groups, the severity of the injuries was determined. Severe bodily injuries were diagnosed in 19 (18.4%) cases of closed chest injuries with acute respiratory failure and loss of part or all of an organ (lung). Injuries of moderate severity were diagnosed in 70 (67.9%) cases of closed chest trauma, mostly with rib fractures, in the absence of life-threatening injuries. Minor injuries were diagnosed in 14 (13.6%) cases of chest trauma without rib fractures with intrapleural injuries and complications or without any complications. It has been established that in the forensic assessment of closed chest injuries, additional diagnostic criteria should be considered: the presence of acute respiratory failure, the dynamics and duration of recovery of post-traumatic morphological and functional changes in injured organs, and the loss of part or all of an organ (lung).
Forensic medical assessment of closed laryngeal injuries in deceased persons
(Forensic medical assessment of closed laryngeal injuries in deceased persons / V. Olkhovsky, O. Kliuiev, M. Gubin, E. Simakova-Yefremian, E. Grygorian, V. Khosha, O. Uhrovetskyi // Problems of Forensic Sciences. – 2019. – Vol. 119. – P. 201–209., 2020) Olkhovsky, Vasil; Kliuiev, Oleksandr; Gubin, Mykola; Simakova-Yefremian, Ella; Grygorian, Edgar; Khosha, Vadym; Uhrovetskyi, Oleg
the aim of the study was to conduct a morphological analysis and to characterize the injuries in cases of blunt laryngeal injury in deceased persons in order to determine the ways of improving the efficiency of forensic medical evaluation of that injury. Laryngeal injuries are often lethal. At the same time, in cases of combined lethal traumas, the larynx injury itself is not always the one causing the death. Thus, the severity of larynx injuries should be estimated precisely in examination of deceased persons. Findings of 17 forensic medical examinations in cases of fatal closed laryngeal injuries were analyzed. Forensic medical examinations were carried out directly with our participation, on the Kharkiv Regional Bureau of Forensic Examination, during 2011–2018. Scientific and methodological sources on relevant cases were analyzed. According to the mechanism of trauma: in 8 cases (47.1%) there was a shock impact of blunt solid objects to the neck, in 5 (29.4%) cases – ligature or manual strangulation of the neck, in 2 (11.8%) cases – strangulation by blunt solid objects, in 2 (11.8%) cases – combination of manual and ligature strangulation. Severe injuries were estimated in 11 (64.7%) cases of death, most of which were caused by mechanical asphyxia. Moderate severity injuries – in 6 (35.3%) cases of closed neck injury, the causal link between the laryngeal injury and the death was not established. analysis revealed the absence of clear diagnostic criteria which could allow to objectively determine a severity of laryngeal injuries in deceased persons. The ways to improve forensic medical examinations in cases of fatal laryngeal injuries were determined.