Individual anatomical variability of the angular dimensions of the facial sceleton of an adult

Abstract

The lifelong establishment of signs of individual anatomical variability of the facial skeleton, considering gender and existing craniotype and using original craniological techniques, is an extremely important and urgent task of our time. The material for the study was 39 dry bone preparations of a whole or fragmented human cranium of both genders from the Department of Human Anatomy of KhNMU collection, and 85 results of CT scans of the head of mature people without existing bone pathologies. All parameters were calculated: x – arithmetic mean; σ – standard deviation; and mx – error of the arithmetic mean. All obtained and described parameter values were considered reliable at p<0.05, and Pearson correlation analysis was performed for a whole number of samples. It has been established that representatives of the leptoprosopic craniotype have maximum values of the total facial angle (TFA), in men at the level of x=87o with σ=4.61 and mx =1.28, in women – x=86o with σ=4.44 and mx =1.34 the minimum values of the angle of the alveolar part of the maxilla (APM), in men – x=82o at σ=4.57 and mx =1.27, in women – x=83o at σ=4.36 and mx =1.31; the lowest indicators of the mental protuberance angle (MP), in men – x=98o at σ=4.54 and mx =1.26, in women – x=97o at σ=4.78 and mx=1.44; minimum indicators of the angle of the ramus of mandible (RM), in men – x=115o at σ=4.55 and mx =1.26, in women – x=116o at σ=4.54 and mx =1.37. Such a characterization of the angular dimensions of the facial skeleton indicates that leptoprosopes have an orthognathic facial structure with smoothed or not pronounced protuberances of both the alveolar process and dentition anteriorly with a reduced angle of the RM, euriprosopes are characterized by opposite trends, and mesoprosopes have intermediate or averaged manifestations of all signs