Neurostomatological manifestations of autonomic Nervous system disorders sluder's syndrome Oppenheim's syndrome, and sjögren's syndrom

Abstract

Chronic facial pain remains one of the most challenging issues in modern neurology, neurosurgery, and neurostomatology. Clinical observations indicate that a considerable proportion of patients with prosopalgias undergo prolonged treatment by dentists, otorhinolaryngologists, or ophthalmologists before the underlying cause is identified. A distinct subgroup of facial pain syndromes comprises autonomic prosopalgias, which are associated with irritation or damage to peripheral autonomic ganglia and their anatomical and functional connections with the trigeminal nerve.From a neurosurgical perspective, these syndromes are of particular importance because they may represent the initial manifestations of skull base tumors, cavernous sinus pathology, orbital lesions, inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses, neurovascular compression syndromes, or sequelae of traumatic brain injury.