Detection And Diagnosis Of Acute Cardiac Failure

Abstract

Background: Heart failure is a common cause of admission to the hospital, approximately 15 million new cases of heart failure happen every year worldwide. In United States cardiac failure is the number one cause of admission of the elders who are over 65 years old and 277000 deaths are caused each year. Acute heart failure has the clinical signs and symptoms which are caused by cardiac dysfunction and quickly develop. This is a severe condition that may cause fatality and death, therefore the patient will need a correct and quick diagnosis and emergency help. Purpose: settling the guidelines of examining the visible signs of the patients who may have Acute Heart Failure and giving diagnostic. Studying the algorithm of how to differentiate the symptoms and their etiology (cardiac/non-cardiac conditions). Material and Method The patients in different ages (children, adults, elderly) and in different countries (industrialized and developing) who have the following clinical signs: shortness of breath, weakness, irregular or fast heartbeats, coughing (may contain sputum with blood) and wheezing, chest pain. The diagnostic order is: clinical, subclinical (including ECG, X-rays, CT, cardiac TEE, MRI for movement of the heart and blood vessels, cardiovascular ultrasound examination, making biological assay for minerals, creatinine, blood sugar, cardiac troponins), diagnosis: firstly clinical assessment of suspected patients to acute heart failure according to ESC (European Society of Cardiology). Classification of clinical types due to peripheral blood circulation and lungs auscultation, clinical shape of the disease (backward & forward), checking for the related diseases is also used. Result and conclusion: distinguishing cardiac failure to other diseases such as respiratory arrest or pneumonia, neurological and muscle-skeletal disturbances, the difference between ages and geographic peculiarities is a difficult and important clinical problem solving of which is essential for treatment of a patient.