Кафедра радіології та радіаційної медицини
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Item Оцінка ефективних доз пацієнтів за результатами контролю вхідних поверхневих доз при основних видах рентгенографічних досліджень(МОЗ України, 2021) Стадник, Лариса Львівна; Носик, Ольга Валеріївна; Шальопа, О.Ю.Застосування джерел іонізуючого випромінення у рентгенодіагностиці є одним з найбільш значущих факторів радіаційного впливу на людину. Для зниження радіаційного ризику виникнення додаткових випадків онкологічних захворювань від рентгенодіагностичних процедур кожне дослідження має бути обгрунтовано та оптимізовано. В галузі радіаційної безпеки мірою визначення радіаційного ризику є ефективна доза, яка використовується для оцінки дози опромінення всього тіла людини з урахуванням радіочутливості окремих органів та тканин. Однак, проведення прямих вимірювань еквівалентних та, відповідно, ефективних доз пацієнта на практиці неможливе.Item Study of the role of digital radiological examination in the diagnosis of lung changes in Coronavirus disease(2021) Spuziak, Roman; Ulko, Roman; Maksimishyn, Oleksii; Stepanov, Ernst; Спузяк, Роман Михайлович; Улько, Роман Володимирович; Максімішин, Олексій Володимирович; Степанов, Ернст ПавловичWorld Health Organization announced that COVID-19 was a “public health emergency”. Тhe number of patients with COVID-19 and deaths from this disease are increasing every day, so the issue of diagnosis and treatment of this serious pathology remains relevant.Item The Use of Fullerene C60 to Preserve Testicular Tissue after Cryopreservation(Journal of Nanomaterials, 2021-04) Volkova, Nataliia; Yukhta, Mariia; Goltsev, Anatoliy; Юхта, Марія СергіївнаAutologous transplantation of cryopreserved fragments of an immature testis is an actively developing approach to save fertility in patients facing a gonadotoxic therapy. The use of bioavailable fullerene C60 as a powerful antioxidant opens up a new potential for the prevention and correction of ischemic-reperfusion pathological processes in tissues including those associated with freezing-thawing procedure. In this work, we aimed to study the antioxidant status, apoptotic/necrotic processes, and morphological characteristics of cryopreserved fragments of the seminiferous tubules of testis (CrFSTT) of immature rats after incubation in media with different concentrations of fullerene C60 (10, 15, and 20 μg/mL). Our results indicated that the addition of C60 in a concentration of 15 μg/mL decreased ROS production, cytochrom C release, and degree of histological damage of spermatogenic epithelium as well as increased the activity of the mitochondria, antioxidant defense system, and cell density in histological sections of CrFSTT compared to the control. Fullerene C60 at investigated concentrations did not impact significantly on apoptosis in cells of CrFSTT but, after incubation with 15 μg/mL C60, a percentage of living cells was 1.2-fold higher and a value of necrotic ones in this group was 1.6-fold lower than the control samples (). Relative amount of cells of the spermatogonia germ layer did not differ between the studied concentrations. The general analysis of obtained data showed that the C60 addition in the concentration of 15 μg/mL was the most optimal for the rehabilitation of CrFSTT. The results can be used for the development of an effective rehabilitation medium for the cryopreserved testicular tissue.Item Дуалістичність людини(2021-10) Пилипенко, Микола Іванович; Пилипенко, Николай ИвановичItem Vitrification of rat testicular tissue using biopolymers(Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, 2020) Volkova, N.; Yukhta, Maryia; Goltsev, A.Item Experimental evaluation of accurasy in determining the direction to a pulsed sourse of gamma-radiation by a spherical absorber with CdTe detectors in a system of nuclear situation monitoring(Східно-Європейський журнал передових технологій, 2020) Cherniavskiy, I.; Starenky, Vyktor Petrovych; Tiutiunyk, V.; Rolin, I.; Sheptur, O.; Kurtseitov, T.; Tverezovskyi, M.; Salii, O.; Pidhorodetskyi, M.The necessity and possibility of creating a dosimetric channel for determining the direction to the source of penetrating gamma-radiation in the nuclear situation monitoring system have been substantiated. The experimental assessment of a reduced error of the device for determining the direction to pulsed sources of radiation using a spherical absorber and CdTe detectors was carried out. These detectors can be used effectively only if there is appropriate electronic equipment, constructed in accordance with their characteristics and spectral-temporal characteristics of highly intense pulsed radiation. The direction to high-intensity pulsed radiation of linear accelerator Varian Clinac 600C (USA) by telluride-cadmium detectors was determined in the pulsed mode. This allowed conducting an experiment to determine the dependence of the coefficient of proportionality of recording pulses from each detector on the angle of direction to the source of pulsed radiation of the linear accelerator. A reduced error was assessed by comparing the received experimental data with a theoretical dependence based on a physical and mathematical model. It was recommended to divide the entire range of angles from 0° to 360° into five sub-ranges, in which three or two proportionality coefficients are responsible for determining the angle in space on gamma sources. The maximum reduced error does not exceed 10 % and the maximum angle error is not more than 8.4°. The most accurate determining of the angle to a radiation source can be carried out in the presence of a theoretically calculated and experimental database of proportionality coefficients for all angles in space and energy of radiation sourcesItem Some Questions of Methodology for condacting tests of radiation protection of armored objects(Национальный научный центр Харьковский физико-технический институт, 2020) Dovbnya, A.; Starenky, Vyktor Petrovych; Goncharov, I.; Cherniavskiy, I.; Anashkin, O.; Vlasenko, V.; Ovcharenko, K.The results of approbation of the methodology for laboratory testing a materials for armored objects‘ radiation protection by determining their half-value layer for nuclear radiations, which are typical for the main situations of the radiation factor effect in modern conditions, are presentedItem USE IR-Spectroscopy in treatment oncology patient with bone metastases by 153 Smoxabifor(Национальный научный центр Харьковский физико-технический институт, 2020) Grushka, Ganna; Dikiy, N.; Krasnoselskiy, Nikolai; Bereznyak, E.; Medvedeva, E.Using infrared spectroscopy, we studied the character of intermolecular interactions in the samples blood plasma of oncological patients with bone metastases in the treatment of their modern β-emitter 153Sm-oxabifor. The therapeutic dose of the 153Sm-oxabifor was 1.0 mCi/kg of the patient's body weight. Analysis of the IR-spectra showed that already after the rst course of palliative radionuclide therapy there is a tendency to balance the products of free radical nature and antioxidants, which indicates the e ectiveness of the treatment. Molecular changes in the blood plasma of cancer patients with bone metastases registered using infrared spectroscopy are speci c during palliative therapy.Item Retrospective analysis of the course of thyroid carcinoma with lung metastases after radioiodine therapy(Periódico Tchê Química, 2020) Astapieva, Olha; Fedulenkova, Yuliia; Grushka, Ganna; Paskevych, Olha; Maksimishyn, OleksiiMetastasis of malignant tumors are one of the most acute problems of oncology. Among the organs and systems of the human body in terms of frequency of damage, one of the first places is occupied by the lungs, which is probably closely related to the anatomical features of their structure and physiology. During the first examination of cancer patients, metastases in the lungs are revealed in 6-15%, lymphogenous metastases are observed in 50-81%. With differentiated thyroid carcinoma (thyroid gland), metastases in the lung are most often detected (up to 15% of cases). At the same time, 5- and 10-year survival rates are 50-92.6% and 42-86%, respectively. The use of 131I-sodium iodide is central to the treatment of these patients. The purpose of the paper is to study the effectiveness of radioiodine therapy for metastases of thyroid carcinoma in the lung. We used clinical, laboratory, radiological methods for the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma and pulmonary metastases. From 1986 to 2010, 68 patients from the clinic of the S.P. Hryhoriev Institute of Medical Radiology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine were included in the study. Lung metastases were found in patients with all stages of the disease and with diverse sizes of the primary thyroid tumor. After the surgical treatment of patients, 131Isodium iodide was used in various doses of radioactivity. The full therapeutic effect of radiotherapy was achieved in 5 patients (7.8%) over a 3-year period of treatment, and a 5-year period – in 28 (43.8%); stabilization or partial effect was noted in 24 patients (37.8%), disease progression was observed in 12 patients (17.6%). Mortality from disease progression was 12.5%.Publication Оцінка якості рентгенівських зображень за європейськими критеріями(Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка, 2020-09) Старенький, Віктор Петрович; Носик, Ольга Валеріївна; Мельник, Богдан Ігорович