Кафедра анатомії людини
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Item Heavy metals effect on the rat uterus and effictiveness of vitamin E treatment(http://jjbs.hu.edu.jo, 2023-09) Sikora, K.; Lyndin, M.; Sikora, V.; Hyriavenko, N.; Piddubnyi, A.; Lyndina, Y.; Awuah, WA.; Abdul-Rahman, T.; Korobchanska, A.; Alexiou, A.; Romaniuk, A.Environmental pollution by heavy metals (HMs) is an increasingly critical problem that is posing a growing threat to reproductive health. Consequently, the aim of the current research was to study changes in rat uterus under 90 days of HMs exposure and estimate the efficacy and benefits of vitamin E treatment. Female rats were randomly divided into three groups: untreated animals (control group); animals orally treated with the HMs mixture (HM group); and animals treated simultaneously with HMs and vitamin E (HM+E group). The toxic effects of the HMs (comprising Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb, and Cr) on the uterus of rats were investigated by histological, morphometrical, spectrophotometrical, and statistical methods. Long-term HMs exposure triggered pathological (degenerative, inflammation, and atrophic) changes in the rat uterus together with a significant reduction of the uterine-wall thickness (37.99%, p<0.0001) compared to the control. In contrast, there was a lower intensity of morphological lesions and wall thickness decrease (26.03%, p<0.0001) in the uterus, in rats that underwent treatment with vitamin E. A substantial bioaccumulation of zinc, copper, manganese, iron, lead, and chromium general levels in the rat uterus was demonstrated in both the HM group (74.46%, p<0.0001) and the HM+E group (49.81%, p<0.0001), as compared to the control group. The lowest accumulative potential belonged to Zn and the highest to Pb. The results obtained showed a significant decline in the weight of animals treated by HMs in both HM (18,21%, p<0.01) and HM+E (13,09%; p<0.05) groups compared to the control. Our findings have demonstrated that treatment with vitamin E in HM-induced intoxication has a significant restrain of HMs accumulation (up to 16.46%, p<0.0001) together with morphometric variations (less on 16.17%, p<0.01). In summary, long-term exposure to the HMs mixture had a pernicious toxic effect on the morphology and chemical content of the uterus of rats (strong negative correlations). Treatment with vitamin E significantly reversed the HMs impact on the uterus but did not demonstrate absolute protectionItem Changes in the characteristics of oral fluid at the stages of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with mandibular fractures(ATJ, 2023-05) Patalakha, O.; Cherkashyna, L.; Shklyar, A.; Kyptenko, L.; Yezhova, O.; Vynnychenko, L.; Demikhova, N.A study has been conducted to investigate the characteristics of oral cavity saliva at various stages of treatment in individuals who have sustained mandibular trauma. At the stages of clinical monitoring, the biophysical and biochemical characteristics of oral fluid in 112 patients with mandibular injuries changed significantly: in the pre-immobilization period, the buffering capacity of oral fluid value was lower compared to that in the first and second immobilization periods, while in the post-immobilization period, it did not differ from the values reached. The viscosity of oral fluid increased significantly in the first and second immobilization periods, while in the post-immobilization period, there was a relative decrease in this parameter; the mean group pH values also decreased; this occurred in the setting of a decrease in the salivation rate, and the maintenance of the acid-base balance of the oral cavity was provided by a decrease in buffering capacity of oral fluid (by 22.0%), a decrease in the pH of oral fluid (by 23.0%) with an increase in its viscosity (by 13.0%) and a decrease in the salivation rate (by 67.0%). When analyzing the state of local non-specific protection of oral fluid in patients with mandibular injuries, an increase in lysozyme activity was found in the first period and its rapid decrease in the post-immobilization period, which was accompanied by a significant increase in the degree of microbial contamination of the oral cavity, as indicated by changes in absolute and relative urease activity, as well as an increase in the degree of dysbiosis in the second immobilization and post-immobilization periods, which corresponded to the clinically decompensated stage of dysbiosis.Item Особливості засвоєння матеріалу здобувачами освіти в умовах дистанційного навчання(2022-10-14) Щербак, С.А.; Шевцов, Олександр ОлександровичЛімбічна система – сукупність структур головного мозку, що об’єднані за анатомічними і функціональними ознаками. Ці структури безпосередньо виконують дуже важливі функції в організмі людини, а саме: беруть участь в регуляції вегетативних функцій організму, в організації процесів саморегуляції поведінки і психічної активності (мотивацій і емоцій), а також у процесах пам’яті і регулювання станів бадьорості та сну.Item Використання тривимірних технологій у медицині(2022-10-14) Шиян, Денис Миколайович; Возний, Д.; Ратій, А.Сьогоденню притаманний швидкий розвиток науково-технічного прогресу, у тому числі цифрових технологій, що відкривають людству нові можливості їхнього застосування в різних галузях, зокрема в медицині. Серед актуальних технологій можна виділити нанотехнології, біомедичні технології у поєднанні з математичним і комп’ютерним моделюванням тощо. Застосування цих 3D технологій в медицині як в діагностичних, так і терапевтичних цілях, а саме: мікроаналіз біологічних рідин і тканин, створення штучних органів і тканин, у тому числі гібридних, проектування деяких імплантів, створення коронок, вінірів і штучних ясен, медичного обладнання забезпечує не тільки високу оперативність і якість процесу, а й економічну доцільність.Item Встановлення діапазону варіабельності лінійних параметрів черепу людини зрілого віку з урахуванням різних краніотипів(2022-10-14) Вовк, Олег Юрійович; Онашко, Юлія Миколаївна; Якименко, Р.О.; Войницька, О.М.; Сосонна, Л.О.Вивчення індивідуальної анатомічної мінливості черепа та його структур, є вкрай важливим для подальшого використання цих знань в клінічній практиці. Встановлення типу будови черепа має велике значення прі плануванні проведення хірургічних, місцевих анестезуючих та інших інвазійних маніпуляцій в даних областях.Item Всесвітній день анатомії(2022-10-14) Вовк, Олег ЮрійовичЩорічно, з 2019 року, коли на конгресі Міжнародної Федерації Асоціацій Анатомів (IFAA), було прийнято рішення про відзначення Всесвітнього дня анатомії 15 жовтня, співробітники кафедри анатомії людини Харківського національного медичного університету (ХНМУ) долучаються до урочистостей. Як відомо, цей день приурочено до дня смерті засновника сучасної анатомії людини – Андреаса Везалія.Item Elements of dynamic anatomy or standing "Through the eyes" of artist(ISG-KONF.COM, 2022-12-06) Sukhonosov, Roman; Shafranetska, Violetta; Ushakova, M.; Vasianovych, D.For painters and sculptors, the study of changes in the shape of the human body in motion is of great interest. Observations of the movements of the human body have been described by ancient sculptors. Leonardo da Vinci also pointed out: "The movements of people are as varied as the states passing through their minds." Artists, sculptors and designers not only need to study the laws of dynamic anatomy, but also observe nature more often, sketch it and train themselves to think in images. For an artist, an important element of dynamic anatomy is the concept of standing.Item Dental status and oxidative homeostasis state in patients exposed to occupational vibration: reduced glutathione content in oral fluid(2022-04) Cherkashina, Lidiya; Haidash, I.; Shabelnik, I.; Shkliar, Anton; Sukhonosov, Roman; Barchan, Ganna; Lakhtin, Yu.; Demikhova, Nadiia; Orlovsky, A.Research involved determination of reduced glutathione content in oral fluid of patients exposed to occupational vibration depending upon their dental statusItem Dental status and oxidative homeostasis state in patients exposed to occupational vibration: superoxide dismutase and catalase content in oral fluid(Medpress, 2022-02) Cherkashina, Lidiya; Haidash, I.; Hlazkova, N.; Demikhova, Nadiia; Shkliar, Anton; Sukhonosov, Roman; Kuts, Larysa; Demikhov, OleksiiThe aim of the research involved determination of catalase and superoxide dismutase content in oral fluid of patients exposed to occupational vibration depending upon their dental status. Materials and methods: The assessment of dental status (DS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) content in oral fluid (OF) was performed in three groups of patients: control group (n0=129) included the persons exposed to occupational vibration and whose results of combined medical examination excluded the presence of vibration disease (VD); the second (n1=63 patients with VD stage I) and the third (n1=66 patients with VD stage II) groups consisted of the patients, who underwent treatment at the clinical department of the Research Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases of Kharkiv National Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. DS determination was carried out according to the method of K. M. Kosenko (Patent No. 57512, Ukraine) for in-patients and controls (during medical checkups) using the following indices: PMA, OHI-S, DMFT, with assessment of vacuum-pressory resistance of gingival capillaries (VPRC) (according to V. I. Kulazhenko) and community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). SOD content was determined by the nonenzymatic method; CAT content was revealed spectrophotometrically. Primary data were statistically processed with the determination of accuracy by Student's test. Results: SOD content depending upon PMA intensity in VD patients ranged from 14.1±0.2 U/min to 15.7±0.5 U/min , was reliably (p<0.05) lower in patients with VD versus the controls (17.8±0.2 U/min and 14.2±0.2 U/min respectively, when PMA>2.1) and did not differ depending upon VD severity (15.7±0.5 U/min in VD stage I and 15.3±0.3 U/min in VD stage II, respectively). SOD content in OF in patients depending upon their OHI-S ranged from 13.5±0.3 U/min to 16.3±0.2 U/min and was reliably (p<0.05) lower in patients with OHI-S≥1.7 U. A comparative analysis showed that the activity of the enzymatic protection of the periodontal membrane could be also determined by the state of hard tissues, in particular by such DS index as DFTM. The activity of SOD in VD stage II was found to be reliably (p<0.05) reduced in patients with DFTM index exceeding 15 pts. A somewhat different pattern of SOD activity was found in OF in patients with VD stage I: SOD activity in OF was similar in all DFTM indices and it became reduced depending upon an increase of DFTM index. SOD content depending upon VPRC index in patients with VD ranged from 10.7±0.5 U/min to 16.8±0.3 U/min and was reliably (p<0.05) lower in cases with VPRC index ≤40 sec. CAT content depending upon PMA intensity in VD patients ranged from 4.6±0.4 U/min to 11.3±0.3 U/min and was reliably (p<0.05) higher in patients with VD stage I versus the controls and differed according to the severity. CAT content in OF in patients depending upon OHI-S ranged from 5.2±0.2 U/min to 10.1±0.3 U/min, was reliably (p<0.05) lower in cases with OHI-S ≥1.7 U, did not differ from the indices observed in the control group and was also found to be reliably lower in patients with VD stage II versus those with VD stage I (7.3±0.3 U/min and 8.6±0.2 U/min, respectively, when OHI-S ranged within 0.7÷1.6 U). CAT content in OF depending upon VPSC index in patients with VD ranged from 5.8±0.2 U/min to 8.6±0.6 U/min and was reliably (p<0.05) lower in cases with VPSC index ≤40 sec. Thus, CAT activity in OF in patients was reliably (p<0.05) reduced (in VPRC>40 sec it was equal to 7.8±0.2 U/min, and in VPRC≤40 sec it was 8.6±0.1 U/ min) in VD stage I with decreased VPRC. Conclusions: A trend (p>0.05) towards an increase in SOD activity in VD stage I versus the controls was revealed, whereas VD stage II demonstrated a reliable (p<0.05) reduction of the above activity. At the same time, an unsatisfactory state of oral hygiene was shown to promote inhibition of the enzymatic protection of their periodontal membrane in patients with VD stage I. A trend (p>0.05) towards an increase of SOD activity in VD stage I versus the controls was revealed, whereas VD stage II demonstrated a reliable (p<0.05) reduction of the above activity. The assessment carried out in cases requiring combined treatment with surgical or non-surgical debridement and also in patients with supraor subgingival dental calculus found out that SOD activity was reliably reduced only in cases with VD stage II. CAT activity assessment in OF in VD patients having different levels of CPITN showed that the above activity in persons requiring combined treatment (including prosthodontic treatment; CPITN≥3.1points) was markedly and reliably reduced. All the above facts determine peculiarities in oral treatment strategies for this group of patients.Item Значення розгляду "пропорції тіла" в підготовці спеціалістів з "фізмчної терапії та ерготерапії"(ISG-KONF.COM, 2022-11-29) Ушакова, Марія Андріївна; Сухоносов, Роман Олександрович; Шевцов, Олександр ОлександровичВажливою соматичною характеристикою людини, що дозволяє оцінити темпи її індивідуального розвитку являються пропорції тіла. Відомості про пропорції тіла необхідні лікарям, спеціалістам з «Фізичної терапії та ерготерапії» та, зокрема, фахівцям з фізичної культури та спорту, практично всім, хто професійно має справу зі здоровою або хворою людиною.