Наукові праці. Кафедра хірургії № 4
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Item Пахова грижа: погляд з ХХІ століття (огляд)(2024-08-27) Макаров, Виталій Володмирович; Негодуйко, Володимир Володимирович; Феськов, Володимир Михайлович; Петюнін, Олексій Геннадієвич; Сизий, Максим ЮрійовичПропонований огляд — погляд на патогенез пахової грижі з точки зору молекулярної біології, а також спроба усвідомити проблеми, які є наслідком експлантації: питання чоловічої фертильності, хронічне запалення, канцерогенез. Доводиться визнати, що патогенез пахової грижі не зводиться до дефекту передньої черевної стінки, більше того, формуванню цього дефекту передує складний комплекс модифікації компонентів сполучної тканини, в основі якої лежить роз’єднання процесів позаклітинного матриксного синтезу і матриксної деградації з переважанням останньої, що порушує оберт структур, відповідальних за механічну міцність і еластичність. З цього погляду пахова грижа є багатофакторним та гетерогенним захворюванням.Item Objectivization of surgical tactics in case of covering tissue gunshot defects restoration(2024) Lurin, I.; Khomenko, I.; Kashtalyan, M.; Nehoduiko, Volodymyr; Vastyanov, R.; Tertyshnyi, S.; Stepanov, G.; Solodyanikova, O.; Tanasichuk-Gazhieva, N.The article presents the results of the objectification of surgical tactics in the restoration of defects in the integumentary tissue due to gunshot wounds in 126 soldiers. For this purpose, all the wounded were divided into 2 groups: Group I included 68 wounded, in whom 75 reconstructive operations were performed under dynamic angiographic multimodal control. Group II consisted of 58 wounded patients who underwent 96 surgical operations using conventional tactics. Rapid restoration of damaged anatomical structures and their aesthetic appearance, reduction of scars showed good results of operations in group I of patients. The results of the work show that dynamic monitoring improves the quality of surgical reconstructive operations and can be recommended at all stages of medical care.Item Features of diagnosis and treatment of a polytrauma victim with predominant closed chest trauma with lung and diaphragm rupture. Clinical case(2024-07-23) Khoroshun, Eduard; Makarov, Vitalii; Negoduyko, Volodymyr; Shypilov, Sergiy; Borodai, O.; Petiunin, O.The article describes a clinical case and presents clinical signs of traumatic rupture of the diaphragm and lung on the background of a wave-like course of the postoperative period. Open diaphragmatic injuries are more common than closed ones. In this case, the closed chest and abdominal trauma was sustained as a result of a road traffic accident. The injury was combined and severe, with signs of traumatic shock. The location of the diaphragmatic injury was on the right side, which is less common. The severe condition of the patient with respiratory failure (respiratory rate over 30 per minute) was an indication for artificial lung ventilation, which made it impossible to take complaints and anamnesis. The individual spatial topography of the diaphragm depends on the size and location of the abdominal organs, body structure, and depends on the line of examination. The movement of internal organs into the pleural cavity indicates a diaphragmatic rupture, but in this case, the extrahepatic location of the diaphragmatic defect was covered by the liver, the lower lobe of the right lung, and adhesions, which led to the cover up of the diaphragmatic defect. Increased abdominal size due to polytrauma and mechanical ventilation in case of closed chest and abdominal trauma; increased air discharge through pleural drainage during video laparoscopy or increased abdominal size during video thoracoscopy; clamping of the pleural drainage with a spiral computed tomography of the chest and abdominal organs allows detecting pneumoperitoneum and pneumothorax, which indicates the presence of a defect in the diaphragm and lung. The use of video thoracoscopy, video laparoscopy, and spiral computed tomography does not always provide complete information about the existing damage to the diaphragm, so dynamic observation with control radiological examinations is preferred.Item A rare case of endoscopic removal of the metal fragment from the segmental bronchus after gunshot injury to the chest in combat patient injured in the war in Ukraine(2024) Lurin, I.; Khoroshun, Eduard; Makarov, Vitalii; Nehoduiko, Volodymyr; Cherniavskyi, Ye.; Gorobeiko, M.; Marchenko, О.; Dinets, А.Introduction and importancе: Russo-Ukrainian war is associated with severe injuries to the chest. Isolated chest injuries are associated with high mortality or advanced invalidization due to the severity of the trauma. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the experience and the challenges in diagnosis and management of the combat patient with gunshot injury to the lungs with subsequent migration of the shrapnel projectile to the segmental bronchus and its bronchoscopic removal by using forceps. Case presentation: A male patient 44 years of age was injured at an artillery strike in East Ukraine. The patient was evacuated to the Forward Surgical Team (Role 1) facility within one hour after the injury. The bronchoscopy was performed and to our surprise, the metal fragment in the lumen of the right segmental S2 bronchi was visualized at bronchoscopy, indicating its migration from the first place. The decision was made to attempt to remove the metal fragment endoscopically. At bronchoscopy, the metal fragment was caught by the endoscopic forceps and therefore removed endoscopically. The time of endoscopic removal of the metal fragment was 8 min. Clinical discussion: Removal of a foreign body (metal fragment) of gunshot origin from the lumen of a segmental bronchus by using bronchoscopy with endoscopic forceps is a rare phenomenon. Conclusions: The use of minimally invasive technologies in the treatment of gunshot blind penetrating wounds of the chest contributes to the reduction of operative trauma and shortens the time of operative treatment.Item Place and role of soft tissue ultrasound examination in tourniquet syndrome(2024) Lurin, I.; Khoroshun, Eduard; Nehoduiko, Volodymyr; Makarov, Vitalii; Tertyshnyi, S.; Tiron, O; Vastyanov, R.The purpose of the study was to demonstrate and analyze the possibilities of ultrasound diagnosis of tourniquet syndrome. All wounded were admitted at the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Northern Region of the Command of the Medical Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine from advanced surgical groups at different times from the wound with an existing tourniquet on the limb at different times after the tourniquet was placed (from 5 to 72 hours, on average 8.2±0.6). There were 32 male wounded. The average age of the wounded was 39.4±2.6 years. According to the location of the tourniquet, the wounded are distributed as follows: shoulder – 5 (15.6 %), thigh – 24 (75 %), leg – 3 (9.4 %) patients. All the wounded underwent an ultrasound and elastographic examinations. We used an average result after 12 measurements of each muscle group. When studying the data of muscle elastography against the background of the existing tourniquet, a significant difference in the elastography indicators of healthy superficial and deep muscles being under the tourniquet due to compression is noted. Elastography indicators in deep muscles are always higher than in superficial muscles. Changes in muscle elastography are localized by the location of the tourniquet. The use of ultrasound examination of soft tissues in tourniquet syndrome has an additional character. According to the data of elastography of soft tissues in the case of tourniquet syndrome, it is possible to determine the extent of soft tissue damage, which is important for determining the size of surgical interventionItem Management of gunshot injury to the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava: a case report of a combat patient wounded in the Russo-Ukrainian war(2024) Lurin, Igor; Khoroshun, Eduard; Makarov, Vitalii; Negoduyko, Volodymyr; Shypilov, Sergiy; Bunin, Yurii; Gorobeiko, Maksym; Dinets, AndriiBackground Russo-Ukrainian war is associated with severe traumas, including injuries to the major vessels. Penetrating aortic injury remains one of the most difficult injuries; the mortality rate is 90–100% in case of gunshot wounds, associated with frequent lethal outcomes due to uncontrolled bleeding. Of the three main abdominal veins, the inferior vena cava (IVC) is the most frequently damaged, which is required quick and appropriate surgical decisions to be made. Little is known about the management of gunshot injuries to such major vessels as the aorta and IVC. It is also worth mentioning about the importance to share our practical experience from the ongoing war for better understanding and future considerations by war surgeons of the vascular trauma management. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the specific features of the diagnosis and management of a gunshot shrapnel blind penetrating wound to the abdomen with injury to the aortic bifurcation level and the infrarenal section of the inferior vena cava. Case presentation A 44-year-old male soldier of the Armed Forces of Ukraine received a gunshot injury to the abdomen from a mortars’ explosive shelling. The patient was evacuated to the Forward Surgical Team (Role 1) and received primary surgical treatment within one hour after the injury according to the “golden hour” principle. Then, evacuated was performed to the Role 3 hospital in Kharkiv. At the Role 3 hospital, the patient underwent secondlook surgery as well as damage control surgery. At revision, no active bleeding was observed, and the surgical pads (packed previously by the Forward Surgical Team) were removed. Further revision showed a metal projectile within the aortic wall at the level of aortic bifurcation and wall defects were also detected for inferior vena cava. This metal projectile was removed by using the multifunctional surgical magnetic tool followed by suturing of the aortic wall defect as well as defects of the inferior vena cava. Conclusions Application of Damage Control Surgery is a useful approach in the management of severe vascular injury as well as useful to stop abdominal contamination by intestinal contents. The application of a surgical magnetic tool for the searching and removal of ferromagnetic foreign bodies reduces operative trauma and reduces the time for identification of foreign bodies.Item Management of thoracoabdominal gunshot injuries by using minimally invasive surgery at role 2 deployed field hospitals in Ukraine(2024) Lurin, I.; Vorovskiy, О.; Makarov, Vitalii; Khoroshun, Eduard; Negoduyko, Volodymyr; Ryzhenko, А.; Chobey, S.; Gorobeiko, M.; Dinets, А.The Russia-Ukraine war is associated with critical and severe thoracoabdominal injuries. A more specific approach to treating patients with thoracoabdominal injury should also include minimally invasive technologies. It remains unclear about the utility of using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and laparoscopy in patients with thoracoabdominal injury. The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the utility of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, laparoscopy as well as magnetic tool applications for the management of severe thoracoabdominal injury in combat patients injured in the ongoing war in Ukraine and treated in the Role 2 deployed hospital. Patients and methods 36 male combat patients thoracoabdominal injury were identified for the study during the first 100 days from February, 24 2022. These individuals were diagnosed with thoracoabdominal GSW in the Role 2 hospital (i.e. deployed military hospital) of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Video-assisted thoracoscopy surgery (VATS) and laparoscopy with application of surgical magnetic tools were applied with regards to the damage control resuscitation and damage control surgery. Results In 10 (28%) patients, VATS was applied to remove the metal foreign body fragments. Both thoracotomy and laparotomy were performed in 20 (56%) hemodynamically unstable patients. Of these 20 patients, the suturing of the liver was performed in 8 (22%) patients, whereas peri-hepatic gauze packing in 12 (33%) patients. Massive injury to the liver and PI 2.0–3.0 were diagnosed in 2 (6%) patients. Lethal outcome was in 1 (2.8%) patient. Conclusions Thoracoabdominal gunshot injuries might be managed at Role 2 hospitals by using video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) and laparoscopy accompanied by surgical magnetic tools. Damage control surgery and damage control resuscitation must be applied for patients in critical and severe conditions. Keywords Thoracoabdominal injury, Chest war injury, Abdomen war injury, Video-assisted thoracoscopy, Minimally invasive surgery, Russia-Ukraine war, Russo-ukrainian warItem Pathomorphological features of confirmed bronchogenic cyst with atypical localization(2024) Khoroshun, Eduard; Nehoduiko, Volodymyr; Vorovskyi, O.; Makarov, Vitalii; Bunin, Yu.; Smolyannіk, KonstantinAmong all formations of the mediastinum in the adult population, cysts make up about 20 %, of which more than 60 % are bronchogenic cysts, where up to 50% have an asymptomatic course, and therefore in most cases are detected accidentally. Regardless of the course and origin, cysts are subject to complete surgical removal. In connection with the clinical and radiological polymorphism of bronchogenic cysts, histological confirmation of the origin of the cysts does not lose its relevance. The purpose of the work is to study and highlight the pathomorphological characteristics of a cyst localized in the pericardium. Using video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and thoracotomy approaches, 16 people aged 28 to 62 with cystic lesions of the mediastinum were operated on. The patients underwent radiographic examination, computed tomography with intravenous contrast injection and, in 2 cases, magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound examination was performed on 6 patients in whom cystic lesions were a diagnostic finding. The location of the cyst, maximum diameter, density, and calcification were evaluated. Clinically and radiologically, asymptomatic pericardial (coelomic) cysts were detected in 2 persons in the prevascular department. In the visceral part of the mediastinum, 3 patients had a pericardial cyst, 10 patients were diagnosed with 10 bronchial cysts with parenchymal and perihilar localization, among which one patient was diagnosed with an asymptomatic bronchial cyst with an atypical localization in the pericardium. In the paravertebral part of the mediastinum, 1 paraesophageal cyst was established, which was intimately connected with the lower third of the thoracic part of the esophagus. All types of cysts were histologically confirmed. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the Excel program. After a clinical examination of a patient with a pericardial cyst of the visceral mediastinum, right VATS surgery and removal of the cyst was performed. Histological examination of fragments of the cyst wall showed the presence of multi-rowed ciliated cylindrical epithelium, pronounced infiltration by lymphoid elements with hemorrhages and foci of fibrotization in separate areas. The histological structure of the removed pericardial cyst confirmed its bronchogenic origin. So, we discovered a rare form of abnormality of embryonic growth of the ventral part of the foregut with localization of a bronchogenic cyst in the anterior-inferior mediastinum on the right, which significantly expanded the understanding of the diseaseItem Вибіркове неоперативне лікування вогнепальних проникаючих поранень живота(2024) Хорошун, Едуард Миколайович; Лурін, І.А.; Макаров, Віталій Володимирович; Панасенко, С.І.; Негодуйко, Володимир Володимирович; Шипілов, Сергій Анатолійович; Бунін, Ю.В.; Салютін, Р.В.Мета. Проаналізувати власний досвід і визначити доцільність та тактику вибіркового неоперативного лікування вогнепальних проникаючих поранень живота. Матеріали і методи. У дослідження залучено 74 військовослужбовці (усі – чоловіки) із вогнепальними осколковими проникаючими пораненнями живота, яких було розподілено на дві групи: основну – 26 (35,2% ± 0,2%) поранених, які отримали неоперативне лікування, і контрольну – 48 (64,8% ± 0,3%) поранених, які отримали оперативне лікування в обсязі діагностичної лапаротомії або лапароскопії. Неоперативне лікування включало в себе знеболювання, антибіотикопрофілактику, введення протиправцевого анатоксину та перев’язки. Результати. Загалом вибіркове неоперативне лікування вогнепальних проникаючих поранень живота застосували у 1% поранених. Ізольовані поранення живота були у 32 (43,2% ± 0,2%), торакоабдомінальні – у 42 (56,8% ± 0,3%) пацієнтів. За кількістю сторонніх тіл поранення були поодинокі – у 66 (89,2% ± 0,3%) та множинні (печінки та заочеревинного простору) – у 8 (10,8% ± 0,1%) пацієнтів. В основній групі оперативних втручань та ускладнень не було, у контрольній групі виконано 8 (16,7% ± 0,1%) діагностичних лапаротомій та 40 (83,3% ± 0,3%) діагностичних лапароскопій, ускладнень було 2 (4,2% ± 0,1%) – серома та пневмонія. Середній термін лікування становив (5 ± 0,3) доби – в основній групі та (8 ± 0,4) доби – у контрольній групі. Висновки. Вибіркове неоперативне лікування вогнепальних проникаючих поранень живота показано у гемодинамічно стабільних пацієнтів без зниженого рівня свідомості та ознак перитоніту і внутрішньочеревної кровотечі, абдомінального больового синдрому з терміном спостереження 24 – 48 год. Тактика вибіркового неоперативного лікування вогнепальних проникаючих поранень живота доцільна переважно при ушкодженнях паренхіматозних органів. Ця тактика може застосовуватися за наявності обладнання експертного класу, досвідчених спеціалістів в умовах ІІІ рівня надання медичної допомоги та взаємодії між ІІ та ІІІ рівнями надання медичної допомоги. Ключові слова: вогнепальні поранення живота; проникаюче поранення; вибіркове неоперативне лікування.Item Тактика лікування турнікетного синдрому після вогнепальних поранень(2024) Хорошун, Едуард Миколайович; Страфун, С.С.; Шипілов, Сергій Анатолійович; Клапчук, Ю.В.; Багрій, О.С.; Гончаренко, С.С.; Купріянчук, В.В.Метою роботи є розробка диференційованого підходу до лікування турнікетного синдрому на основі визначення ступеню тяжкості та стадій його розвитку. В основу роботи покладений ретроспективний аналіз 30 поранених з турнікетними синдромами верхніх та нижніх кінцівок, які проходили лікування в умовах Військово-медичного клінічного центру Північного регіону (ВМКЦ ПнР). Усі поранені були із зони бойових дій, чоловічої статі, середній вік склав 33,8±0,4 років. Після госпіталізації поранених до ВМКЦ ПнР (Role 3) проводився збір анамнестичних даних, аналіз клінічної симптоматики, лабораторних та додаткових методів дослідження. Для формування диференційованого підходу до лікування ТС проводився аналіз наступних показників: термін стояння турнікету (до 3 годин, 3,1-6год., 6,1 год. та більше), місце накладання турнікету (плече, стегно), місцеві клінічні прояви (набряк, парестезія, гіпостезія, анестезія, гіпотермія, контрактура суглобів кисті чи стопи), лабораторні показники (креатинін, АлАТ, АсАТ, КФК, калій та міоглобін), оцінка периферичного пульсу, діурезу, ультразвукове дослідження м’язів, ультразвукове дослідження нирок та нижньої порожнистої вени для розрахунку інфузійної терапії, рентгенографічні та тепловізійні дослідження у ділянці ушкодження, а також інтраопераційна візуальна оцінка м’язів (м’язи життєздатні, парціальний чи поширений рабдоміоліз). На підставі аналізу отриманих даних сформовано класифікацію та алгоритм лікування турнікетного синдрому, що дало можливість диференційного підходу до лікування на основі визначення ступеню тяжкості та стадій його розвитку.