The effect of different types of hypoxia on the morpho-functional state of the kidneys of fetuses and newborns: the results of own long-term experimental studies

Abstract

Introduction. The vast majority of kidney diseases in children and adults have their origins in the antenatal, intranatal or postnatal periods of development. Poor health of women of childbearing potential, complications during pregnancy and delivery often lead to the development of various types of hypoxia (chronic intrauterine hypoxia (CIH), acute intranatal hypoxia, acute postnatal hypoxia (APH), mixed hypoxia (MH)). The latter are a common cause of fetal and neonatal disorders, leading to damage of various organs and systems, including the kidneys. The purpose is to highlight the main results of own long-term experimental studies aimed at determining the effect of different types of hypoxia (CIH, APH, MH) on the morpho-functional state of the kidneys in fetuses and newborns. Materials and methods. In this study, the author modelled alpine hypoxia using a sealed pressure chamber from which air was pumped out, creating conditions for a sharp decrease in atmospheric pressure. Histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, morphometric and statistical research method were used. Results. Acute postnatal, chronic intrauterine and mixed hypoxia stimulate fibroblastic cells in the kidneys, and chronic intrauterine and mixed hypoxia also induce epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, causing the development of sclerosis, induce apoptosis, proliferation, leading to an imbalance between them due to the prevaling proliferation in acute postnatal and chronic intrauterine hypoxia and apoptosis in mixed hypoxia. Conclusions. Identified morphological changes in the kidneys of fetuses and newborns developed under the influence of acute postnatal, chronic intrauterine and mixed hypoxia, given the unity of structure and function, will lead to functional changes in these organs in subsequent postnatal ontogenesis in such children and the emergence of different nephrological pathology. This study actualizes the implementation of preventive measures among persons of reproductive age, dictates the need for quality pre-pregnancy training, which should be aimed at timely detection and treatment of genital and extragenital pathology in women.