Gender dimorphism of anteroposterior lateral dimensions and profile configurationof the facial department of the skull in adults

Abstract

To date, the variability of the characteristics of the human skull profile by gender and craniotype remains insufficiently studied. The aim of our work was to determine the sexual dimorphism of the anteroposterior lateral dimensions and configurations of the facial skull profile in mature people. The study included 35 natural skull preparations and 80 CT images of the head of mature people (total 115 objects) without bone tissue pathology. Craniometric studies of computed tomography results were performed using measurement modules of computer programs used for tomogram analysis and three-dimensional reconstructions. Licensed versions of such programs are present on the tomograph and allow to obtain metric characteristics of the bone structure of the head with high accuracy. The following applications were used in this study: Ez3D Plus 3D, DICOM Vidar Dicom Viewer, and eFilmLite. Anatomage table was also used – a modern tool for studying and analyzing high-resolution 3D reconstructions, including those obtained using computed tomography. The properties of this device with the installed Launching Table 6.0 Application software allow to perform complex measurements with high accuracy or obtain detailed images of the smallest bone structures, which were used in this study. The study established statistical indicators of the anteroposterior lateral dimensions of the facial skull of adults. In men with a brachycephalic type of skull, the gl-n distance varied between 11 - 19 mm, and in women – 10 - 18 mm. The n-rhi distance was 18 - 28 mm in men and 16 - 26 mm in women. The following distances were also determined: rhi-ns (28 - 39 mm in men, 26 - 37 mm in women), ns-pr (10 - 20 mm and 9 - 18 mm, respectively), pr-id (20 - 26 mm and 18 - 25 mm), id-pg (12 - 26 mm and 11 - 24 mm). Representatives of the mesocephalic and dolichocephalic types of skull structure had smaller values of the studied parameters, with the exception of pr-id, which increased due to the larger sizes of the teeth of the upper and lower dentition