Examination of forms of abnormal skeletal development

Abstract

Imperfect osteogenesis is a disorder, or rather, a group of disorders characterized by a significant predisposition to bone fractures with minimal effort.The aim of the study is to examine certain types of imperfect osteogenesis. Materials and Methods: Theoretical: review and analysis of scientific and methodological literature. Practical: own research based on X-ray images from the collection of the Department of Human Anatomy. Results and Conclusions. Cleidocranial dysostosis (clavicular-cranial dysplasia) is a condition in which pathological development of the clavicles and moderate truncal shortening are observed. This pathological condition is characterized by increased mobility in the shoulder joint due to clavicular hypoplasia. Habitual dislocations of the shoulder, elbow, and hip joints may be noted. On radiographic images, the clavicles are either completely absent or only their sternal ends (medial parts) are preserved. The clavicles consist of fragments that are connected in a normal way to the sternum but lack connection at the acromial ends, where they are either freely suspended or connected by fibrous bands to the coracoid process, scapular spine, first rib, or the acetabulum of the shoulder joint. Hypoplasia of the pubic and iliac bones may also occur. The external appearance is characteristic: a broad forehead and wide parietal bones, while radiographically, unclosed fontanelles and widened sutures are observed. At a later stage of life, they gradually close with chaotic bone islands, but a significant frontal defect often persists. Unformed ossification centers in the cranial vault create a mosaic of small bones.