Correction of erythrocyte surface charge by magnetite nanoparticles: bridging biophysics and clinical application

Abstract

The reduction of erythrocyte Electrophoretic Mobility (EPM) is an important diagnostic marker of pathological conditions. In in vitro studies, severe toxemia decreased EPM by 64.0% and membrane ζ-potential by 39.5% compared to the control group. Treatment of blood with biocompatible magnetite nanoparticles (brand MCS-B) restored both parameters toward normal levels, with the most pronounced effect observed at a blood-to-nanoparticle ratio of 2:1 (ΔEPM=+198.4%, Δζ=+60.7%). A strong correlation was observed between EPM and ζ-potential (r=0.91-0.95) with a large effect size (Cohen’s d>1.2). Exposure to MCS-B resulted in a statistically significant increase in erythrocyte mobility (p<0.001), nearly restoring EPM to or slightly above control levels. Optimal efficacy was achieved at a blood-to-nanoparticle ratio of 2:1, while ratios of 3:1 and 1:1 showed partial restoration. Additionally, application of a constant magnetic field with an intensity of 200 kA/m to 250 kA/m for 2-3 minutes effectively removed residual nanoparticles from the blood samples (p<0.001). These results demonstrate the biocompatibility of MCS-B and confirm its ability to restore erythrocyte membrane charge under conditions of severe toxemia. They highlight the clinical potential of this nanomedicine approach as a foundation for novel therapeutic strategies in transfusiology, intensive care, and regenerative medicine.