Reparative osteogenesis in mandible in cases of filling a bone defect with hydroxyapapatite-containing osteotropic material and injecting the surrounding soft tissues with thymalin: experimental and morphological study

Abstract

Treatment of patients with mandible bone tissue defects and reparative osteogenesis stimulation in it is an urgent issue today, despite the large number of invasive and non-invasive treatment approaches and scientific research on this topic. The purpose of the study was to identify the morphological features of reparative osteogenesis in the lower jaw bone of rats in cases of filling a bone defect with hydroxyapatite-containing osteotropic material (bone graft «Biomin GT») and injecting the surrounding soft tissues with thymalin. Materials and methods. An experiment was conducted on 48 mature rats of the WAG population weighing 160-180 grams which were divided into four groups. Group 1 included 12 rats with a simulated holey defect in the lower jaw. Group 2 included 12 rats with a simulated holey defect in the lower jaw followed by its closure with hydroxyapatite-containing osteotropic material (bone graft «Biomin GT»). Group 3 included 12 rats with a simulated holey defect in the lower jaw with injecting the surrounding soft tissues with thymalin. Group 4 included 12 rats with a simulated holey defect in the lower jaw followed by its closure with hydroxyapatite-containing osteotropic material (bone graft «Biomin GT») and injecting the surrounding soft tissues with thymalin. The material for the morphological study was a fragment of the lower jaw from the area of the simulated holey defect. Histological, morphometric and statistical research methods were used. Results. In this study, it was shown by the authors an activation of reparative osteogenesis in the lower jaw under conditions of simultaneous filling the bone defect with hydroxyapatite-containing osteotropic material (bone graft «Biomin GT») and injection the surrounding bone defect soft tissue with thymalin. Stimulation of reparative osteogenesis in the lower jaw of rats occurred due to rapid cleaning of the bone defect cavity from necrotic tissues and hematoma fragments; a decrease in the number of neutrophil leukocytes, an increase in the number and morphofunctional state of monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, cells of fibroblastic differon; balanced change (increase or decrease) in the number and morphofunctional state of bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts depending on the stage of reparative osteogenesis; activation of hematopoietic processes in lamellar bone tissue from the regenerate; activation of bone tissue mineralization processes. Conclusions. Thymalin injection in the soft tissues surrounding the bone defect in the lower jaw, filled with hydroxyapatite-containing osteotropic material (bone graft «Biomin GT»), significantly stimulates the process of reparative osteogenesis, which makes it possible to recommend this technique in dentistry for treatment the patients with mandible bone tissue defects.