The level of organism functioning as an indicator of premorbid conditions (Review)

Abstract

The state of the organism is the consequences of interaction with the environment, that is, the result of adaptation or maladaptation of the organism to the environment. The transition from health to illness can be seen as a process of gradually reducing the ability of a person to adapt to changes in social, educational, and production environments and surrounding conditions. Achievement of any level of functioning of an organism or its separate systems is provided through the activity of regulatory mechanisms. The mobilization of reserves occurs as a result of changes in the level of activity of regulatory systems. This is primarily due to an increase in the tone of the sympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system. In those cases where the body constantly has a deficit of functional reserves to support homeostasis, there is a state of functional stress, which is characterized by the displacement of the autonomic balance in favor of the adrenergic mechanisms and the corresponding changes in the hormonal state. In the state of functional stress, all of the basic functions of the body are within physiological norm, but the organism spends functional reserves to maintain the normal level of functioning. The process of adaptation precedes the development of a disease that results from the lack of adaptation mechanisms, their reduction and disruption. The development of maladaptation is preceded by the state of adaptability, and after the maladaptation the state of the disease develops, i.e. all the conditions that precede the disease, that is, the failure of adaptation, are united in the premorbid state. The process of identifying the states that border between the norm and the pathology, when it does not yet have signs of the disease, that is, the premorbid states, is called premorbid diagnostics. The diagnosis of premorbid states takes into account the use of methods and equipment that are designed for processing information in the range of relative functional stability of the organism with the definition of the vector of adaptation processes and that is an integral part of preventive medicine.