Gait – pathology or physiology
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Харківський національний медичний університет
Abstract
The person’s gait - being individual and absolutely unique, testify both to health, and about a possible pathology.
The type of pathological gait depends on which of the links of the locomotor chain has suffered: corticospinal tract, extrapyramidal system, musculoskeletal system, etc.
In setting the correct diagnosis in the presence of a pathological gait, the main place belongs to the clinical examination, as well as electromyography and biomechanical examinations.
Description
A man's gait is the most natural locomotion, an automated motor act. Like handwriting or fingerprints, the gait can tell about a person's mood, about his state of health. In addition, the gait may be a sign of some kind of diseases. Individual features of the gait consist of the size of the steps, speed, position of the body and head, the commonwealth of the movements of the hands. To take a step, a lot of effort is needed: in the hip, knee, ankle joints, the joints of the foot and even the hands. Need to work the muscles of the legs and arms, the muscles of the chest and the lumbar. Strictly coordinates this complex motor process by the central nervous system. The act of the gait also involves the organs of vision and hearing.
The tasks of the gait, as an important locomotive function of a person are: safe linear forward movement of the body; hold the vertical balance, preventing falling during movement; security of energy, use of the minimum amount of energy due to its redistribution during the cycle of the step. All of the above points suggests that gaits studies are important for evaluating the patient's functional capabilities. Despite clinical significance and widespread prevalence, gait disturbances have not been the subject of special study until recently. All these factors determined the timelines of this study.
Purpose of our scientific work was to study some mechanisms of formation of human gait, to study some electromyographyc (EMG) and biomechanical features of gait in pathological conditions and volunteers.
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Fedotov V. V. Gait – pathology or physiology / V. V. Fedotov // Фізіологія – медицині, фармації та педагогіці: актуальні проблеми та сучасні досягнення : V Всеукраїнська наукова конференція студентів та молодих вчених з фізіології з міжнародною участю, Харків, 16 травня 2018 р. / ред. колегія: Д. І. Маракушин [та ін.]. – Харків, 2018. – С. 13.