Hemato-oncological diseases

Abstract

The incidence of hemoblastosis in various regions of the world ranges from 8–15 per 100,000 population. Leukemia ranked as the fifteenth most common diagnosed cancer. In general, the mortality rate from malignant neoplasms of hemoblastosis reaches 6 to 10 %. There is a higher incidence of hemoblastosis in men and less in women. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is increasing in prevalence in children and young people, while acute myoblastic leukemia affects all age groups. Chronic lymphoid leukemia and myeloma are detected in people of middle and old age. Over the past two decades, the rate of illness for hemoblastosis has decreased at a stable level, and the increase in the number of patients is explained by a thorough diagnosis and an increase in the patient’s life distress. The global incidence of leukemia is widespread, exhibiting higher prevalence and mortality rates in more developed nations, while mortality rates are elevated in developing regions. Leukemia, a cluster of cancers originating typically in the bone marrow, leads to an excess of abnormal white blood cells known as blasts or leukemia cells. Symptoms often include bleeding, bruising, fatigue, fever, and heightened susceptibility to infections, resulting from deficient normal blood cell counts. Diagnosis commonly relies on blood tests or bone marrow biopsies. Leukemia is most prevalent among children, with acute lymphoblastic leukemia constituting three-quarters of pediatric cases. Conversely, around 90 % of leukemia diagnoses occur in adults, with acute myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia being the most prevalent types. Developed countries notably experience a higher incidence of the disease.