Manifestations of arterial hypertension in the oral cavity. Clinical cases

Abstract

In medical practice, the problem of comorbid pathology arises, where different diseases coexist and numerous symptoms manifest in a single patient. This close interconnection between the body’s organs and systems, and diseases can potentiate one another [1]. A pathogenetic commonality between diseases of the internal organs and those of the oral cavity has been demonstrated, necessitating unified systemic approaches for the timely diagnosis and treatment of combined pathology. Pathological manifestations on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity may serve as early clinical signs of systemic diseases, appearing even before their objective symptoms emerge and indicating a severe or decompensated course [2, 3, 4]. In such cases, patientsprimarily consult a dentist, who conducts a thorough examination, sometimes together with general practitioners. However, it is the dentist who bears primary responsibility for the correct diagnosis and the timely prescription of adequate treatment. Determining the specifics of medical management for patients with comorbid pathology is an important area of focus for both internists and dentists and is actively discussed in the scientific medical literature. One of the most common diseases today is arterial hypertension. An important factor in the etiopathogenesis of hypertensive disease is a disturbance in the microcirculatory system, which underlies inflammatory and destructive diseases of the oral cavity [5]. Clinical observations have demonstrated that in severe cases of arterial hypertension, changes frequently occur in the oral cavity that correspond to the picture of blister-vascular syndrome and have prognostic significance. The differential diagnosis of blister-vascular syndrome can be quite challenging for the dentist [3].