Кафедра анатомії людини, клінічної анатомії та оперативної хірургії
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Item Assessment of society’s readiness for the legalization of еuthanasia, carried out in the field of palliative medicine(2024) Nesterenko, Valentyna; Kosilova, Olha; Redka, Iryna; Sukhonosov, Roman; Shevtsov, Oleksandr; Zhuravel, YanaAim:To determine the signs of society’s readiness to legalize euthanasia for palliative patients by interviewing both the patients themselves and their relatives (caregivers) and specialists who provide medical, psychological, social and spiritual services at the end-of-life. Materials and Methods:The study was carried out using a sociological method among palliative patients of three regions of Ukraine (Lviv, Kyiv and Kharkiv) on a random sample of 377 people surveyed during 2022–2024. The conducted research confirmed and clarified the previous results with greater reliability. Results: Among the interviewed palliative patients, 60,0% complained of unbearable chronic pain; 69.4% thought about suicide at least once or tried to commit it. At the same time, only 40.3% thought about the possibility of euthanasia (or looked for ways to perform it) (1,7 times less). The prevalence of opinions about the possibility of euthanasia was higher among relatives (caregivers) of palliative patients (47,4%), and lower among those who provide services (30,1%). Among all respondents, suicide was discussed more often than euthanasia 1,5 times more often. And a broad social dialogue on the legalization of euthanasia is considered possible only by a little more than half of the respondents. Conclusions: Ukrainian society is not ready for a broad dialogue about the need to legalize euthanasia, which actually means the continuation of the suffering of a significant number of palliative patients who do not receive adequate pain relief and most do not have the financial opportunity to use euthanasia tourism.Item Gender dimorphizm of the reletionships between the cranial and facial skull sections in mature human individual(2024) Sosonna, L.Background. To date, the range of individual anatomical variability of the cranial profile type in mature adults, depending on gender and skull structure type has not yet been adequately established. Aim. To study gender-specific ratios of the cranial and facial parts of the skull in mature adults. Materials and Methods. The materials of our study consisted of 115 skulls of mature adults of both sexes, including 35 dry bone specimens of whole or fragmented skulls. For each parameter, the following metrics were calculated: The following parameters were used in the statistical analysis: x ̄ (arithmetic mean), σ (standard deviation), and mx ̄ (standard error of the mean). Results. It was found that in men the skull length is x ̄=181.36 with σ=3.31 and mx ̄=0.46, while in women it does not exceed x ̄=176.57 with σ=3.28 and mx ̄=0.47; the skull width in men reaches x ̄=141.17 with σ=2.62 and mx ̄=0.34, and in women, it does not exceed x ̄=134.94 with σ=2.50 and mx ̄=0.33; the height parameter of the skull in men also reaches maximum values at the level of x ̄=141.38 with σ=3.75 and mx ̄=0.52, while in women, it is somewhat lower at x ̄=137.24 with σ=3.15 and mx ̄=0.55. In mature men, the upper facial width is x ̄=94.17 with σ=3.87 and mx ̄=0.50, while in women, this parameter averages x ̄=90.71 with σ=4.05 and mx ̄=0.54; the middle width in men reaches x ̄=128.93 with σ=1.53 and mx ̄=0.20, while in women, it does not exceed x ̄=122.49 with σ=1.44 and mx ̄=0.19; the maximum indicators of angular width are established in men, averaging x ̄=99.64 with σ=4.15 and mx ̄=0.54, while in women, they do not exceed x ̄=92.27 with σ=3.78 and mx ̄=0.51.Conclusions. The study identified significant gender-specific differences in the cranial and facial dimensions of middle-aged individuals. Men demonstrated larger average values for skull length, width, and height, as well as upper face width, bizygomatic width, and angular width, compared to women. These findings highlight distinct morphological characteristics between gendersItem Radiological diagnostics of multiple combined mechanical injuries of the structures in the frontal-parietal- occipital region(2024) Sukhonosov, R.; Shchebetun, S.; Ushakova, M.; Halycha, M.Relevance: Trauma to the frontal-parietal-occipital region is one of the most common injuries, with a persistent trend of increasing incidence. Over the past three years, the number of injuries to the structures of the cranial vault has nearly tripled, increasing by approximately 2.5 times. Patients in this group are usually classified as severe cases because injuries to the bones of the cranial vault are often accompanied by damage to the head organs, brain, nasal sinus appendages, and other structures.Furthermore, in any type of mechanical cranial injury (especially penetrating wounds), foreign bodies may be present in the head. Clinical examination does not always provide complete information regarding damage to the bony structures of the cranial skeleton or the precise location of foreign bodies in the frontal-parietal-occipital region. This underscores the importance of radiological diagnostics in such patients. Its task is to refine or verify the clinical diagnosis, determine the prognosis, and assist in developing the optimal treatment strategyItem The Life Path of V. P. Vorobiov througt the Lens of Time (Dedicated to the 220th Anniversary of the Department of Human Anatomy)(2024) Sukhonosov, R.; Ushakova, M.; Halycha, M.Volodymyr Petrovych Vorobiov (June 15 [27], 1876, Odesa – October 31, 1937, Kharkiv) was a prominent domestic scientist, anatomist, and аcademician of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (1934), as well as the only professor to receive the title of "Merited Professor" (1924). He developed stereomorphological methods of dissection and was the author of original and widely known scientific works, textbooks, and manuals on human anatomy, including the first domestic five-volume"Atlas of Human Anatomy" (1938–1942). Volodymyr Petrovych studied and spent nearly his entire life working in Kharkiv, where he chaired the departments of anatomy at the medical faculty of the Imperial Kharkiv University and the Kharkiv Women's Medical Institute. From 1919 to 1921, he temporarily worked in Bulgaria, where he established and led the Department of Anatomy at the Medical Academy in Sofia. After returning, he chaired the Department of Anatomy at the Kharkiv Medical Institute (now the Kharkiv National Medical University) until the end of his life. Simultaneously, in the 1930s, he was the scientific director of the Ukrainian Institute of Experimental MedicineItem Anatomical variability of the superficial muscles of the anterior cervical region in human fetuses(Scientific Publishing Center “Sci-conf.com.ua”, 2024) Lopushniak, Lesia; Sukhonosov, Roman; Yakovleva, YulianaThe study of the development and establishment of correlational relationships of organs and structures of the neck in the fetal period of human ontogenesis is caused by the theoretical and practical interest of both morphologists and clinicians to find out the prerequisites for the occurrence of congenital and acquired pathology of muscles, fascial cellular formations, organs and vascular nervous structuresItem Developing informational competence in medical students by optimizing the organization of self study work(Scientific Publishing Center “Sci-conf.com.ua”, 2024) Lopushniak, Lesia; Sukhonosov, Roman; Yakovleva, YulianaIn accordance with the «National Program for Personnel Training» increasing demands are set for the quality of education at higher educational institutions. For successful professional training of highly qualified professionals in the new socio-economic conditions, the first priority is the student's personality, ability to make decisions independently and to further implement them. Education becomes personally oriented. The main objective of Ukrainian education at this stage is to meet the standards of highly developed countries and to achieve certain results that will demonstrate competitiveness in the single professional space of the world. Medical education must ensure high quality training of health care professionals, who must not only be proficient in the specialty, but also master the competence to solve complex issues, The ability to adapt to new changes, understanding of the basics of modern information technology, insurance, economics, law, business communication. At the current stage of development of higher education, its aim is to expand the spectrum of interdisciplinary training of specialists (interdisciplinary connection). The structure of the study programmes allows students to organize the learning process in a flexible way. One of the priority areas of training a future specialist is informational competence, which modern scientists interpret as a student's readiness to use professionally-oriented information technologies for the purpose of constant self-improvement. Formation of informational competence should be carried out with the involvement of active self-directed activity of the student, as it is impossible to perform during the scheduled class time. As a result, students' self-study has become crucial, now taking up 50-60% of class time, and this proportion has been increasing steadily over the last few yearsItem Scientist innovator, jubilee of p. A. Naranovych(2024) Halycha, Mariia; Sukhonosov, RomanIn the modern world, where the study of humans becomes increasingly relevant and important, the history of the development of morphological schools is a key aspect for understanding the essence and prospects of morphology as a science. It allows for a better understanding of the contributions of scientists to the development of this field. Research into the history of morphological schools and the personalities who led them will not only deepen our understanding of the evolution of this science but also inspire further scientific research and achievements in the field of morphology and related scientific directions. In particular, this work is dedicated to the anniversary – the 220th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding national scientist, professor of anatomy, and surgeon Petro Andriiovych Naranovych, who headed the Department of Human Anatomy (since 2023 – the Department of Human Anatomy, Clinical Anatomy, and Operative Surgery) at Kharkiv University (now Kharkiv National Medical University) from ВСЕУКРАЇНСЬКА НАУКОВА 10 КОНФЕРЕНЦІЯ Актуальні питання морфології 1837 to 1853. Let’s focus on Petro Andriiovych contribution to the development of morphological theories and schools, his influence on modern science and practice, as well as reveal personal qualities that helped him achieve significant scientific resultsItem Modern views on the classification of bone tissue architecture for improving the methods of prosthetics of lost toothes (literature review)(2024) Dronyk, I.; Boichuk, O.; Sukhonosov, R.; Mandziuk, T.; Protsiuk, O.; Дроник, І.; Бойчук, О.; Сухоносов, Р.; Мандзюк, Т.; Процюк, О.For a considerable period of time, the primary classification of tooth loss was the classification proposed in 1928 by Kennedi. As dentistry progressed, it became evident that a more nuanced approach was necessary to classify dental defects beyond their mere localisation. Consequently, none of the classifications provides comprehensive information and does not encompass all the clinical features of partial tooth loss. It is therefore evident that a rational treatment plan can be formulated on the basis of morphological and functional classification features, including the relative position of the retained teeth and edentulous areas, conditions for the perception and distribution of the chewing load, in particular the degree and type of atrophy of the collar ridge, as well as the number of occlusal support zones in the areas of premolars and molars. A review of the scientific literature and the authors' current views on the treatment of partial tooth loss in dental care reveals a significant need for qualified orthopedic treatment in Ukraine, in accordance with modern requirements, in particular the use of prosthetic restorations. The intimate connection between oral health and other aspects of patients' quality of life underscores the necessity for novel interdisciplinary collaboration and presents a compelling rationale for enhancing the clinical and laboratory aspects of dental rehabilitation, thereby ensuring predictable outcomesItem Peculiarities of craniometric parameters of the facial index of the skull of a mature person according to CT data(2024) Сосонна, Лілія Олександрівна; Сазонова, Ольга Миколаївна; Sosonna, Liliia; Sazonova, OlhaToday, the topic of detailed knowledge of the structure of the human cranium is extremely relevant. Despite a large number of both domestic and foreign studies, many questions remain unanswered regarding the structure of this part of the human skull. Most of the works of scientists and clinicians are currently based on the results of computed tomography (CT). For example, among foreign authors, the scientific works of Sella Tunis are well-known. The works of domestic researchers are informative, but are carried out mainly on cadaveric material, which has a number of drawbacks, the results may be associated with inaccuracies in calculations and, as a result, false results.Item Specific features of the cranial index of the facial skull of a mature person according to computed tomography(2024) Sazonova, Olha; Sosonna, LiliiaThe rapid development of various branches of modern practical medicine (otolaryngology, dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgery, etc.) requires new and detailed knowledge of the peculiarities of the human cranial structure. The rapid development of computed tomography as a progressive, modern and informative research method has made adjustments to the peculiarities of analysis and results of studying many parameters of its structure. It should be noted that the most advanced anatomical studies are currently based on the results of computed Innovative Development: Synthesis of Scientific Approaches in Various Fields of Research tomography (CT).
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