Навчально-методичні видання. Кафедра внутрішніх та професійних хвороб
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repo.knmu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/334
Browse
4 results
Search Results
Item Hemato-oncological diseases(2024-05-23) Kapustnyk, Valeriy; Sadovenko, Olha; Shelest, Borys; Babycheva, OleksandraThe incidence of hemoblastosis in various regions of the world ranges from 8–15 per 100,000 population. Leukemia ranked as the fifteenth most common diagnosed cancer. In general, the mortality rate from malignant neoplasms of hemoblastosis reaches 6 to 10 %. There is a higher incidence of hemoblastosis in men and less in women. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is increasing in prevalence in children and young people, while acute myoblastic leukemia affects all age groups. Chronic lymphoid leukemia and myeloma are detected in people of middle and old age. Over the past two decades, the rate of illness for hemoblastosis has decreased at a stable level, and the increase in the number of patients is explained by a thorough diagnosis and an increase in the patient’s life distress. The global incidence of leukemia is widespread, exhibiting higher prevalence and mortality rates in more developed nations, while mortality rates are elevated in developing regions. Leukemia, a cluster of cancers originating typically in the bone marrow, leads to an excess of abnormal white blood cells known as blasts or leukemia cells. Symptoms often include bleeding, bruising, fatigue, fever, and heightened susceptibility to infections, resulting from deficient normal blood cell counts. Diagnosis commonly relies on blood tests or bone marrow biopsies. Leukemia is most prevalent among children, with acute lymphoblastic leukemia constituting three-quarters of pediatric cases. Conversely, around 90 % of leukemia diagnoses occur in adults, with acute myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia being the most prevalent types. Developed countries notably experience a higher incidence of the disease.Item Emergencies. Providing therapeutic care in life-threatening conditions at the stages of medical evacuation : methodical instructions for the 5th year students to the practical class(2023-09) Мартовицький, Дмитро Володимирович; Шелест, Борис Олексійович; Садовенко, Ольга Леонідівна; Брек, Валерія Василівна; Прохоренко, Василь Леонтійович; Бабічева, Олександра Олександрівна; Martovytskyi, Dmytro; Shelest, Borys; Sadovenko, O.; Brek, Valeria; Prokhorenko, V.; Babicheva, O.Providing emergency aid on the battlefield is the main guarantee of saving the life of the wounded. The analysis of the causes of the death of servicemen during hostilities shows that a significant part of them could be saved if timely and high-quality first aid was provided. This number ranges from 9 to 25 % (wars in Iraq and Afghanistan). The main causes of death of 80–90 % of such wounded were massive blood loss and shock. At the same time, the localization of wounds in 48 % of cases – in the trunk, in 31 % – in the upper and lower limbs, in 21 % – in the neck or groin areas, where the main blood vessels are located. The scope of providing medical aid on the battlefield depends on the tactical situation, the nature of the injuries received, the level of theoretical knowledge and practical skills of the person who first comes into contact with the wounded, and the medical equipment and medical supplies available to him. The development of the system of providing medical care in the armed forces of NATO countries led to a gradual change in the approach to the treatment of the wounded on the battlefield and created the prerequisites for the emergence of the concept of Tactical Combat Casualty Care.Item Crush syndrome. The amount of assistance at the stages of medical evacuation : methodical instructions for the 5th year students to the practical class(2023-09) Мартовицький, Дмитро Володимирович; Шелест, Борис Олексійович; Садовенко, Ольга Леонідівна; Брек, Валерія Василівна; Прохоренко, Василь Леонтійович; Бабічева, Олександра Олександрівна; Martovytskyi, Dmytro; Shelest, Borys; Sadovenko, O.; Brek, Valeria; Prokhorenko, V.; Babicheva, O.Syndrome of traumatic prolonged rhabdomyolysis, compression (STS, crash syndrome, crushing syndrome, traumatic limb compression syndrome, crushing syndrome, compression syndrome, release syndrome, Bywaters syndrome, myorenal syndrome, myoglobinuric nephrosis, ischemic muscle necrosis, etc.) – the body's reaction to endotoxicosis, which develops as a result of ischemic damage to tissues as a result of their mechanical compression, a severe pathological condition that occurs as a result of closed damage to significant areas of soft tissues under the influence of a large and long-lasting mechanical force; which is accompanied by a complex of specific pathological disorders: shock, heart rhythm disorders, acute kidney damage. The syndrome of prolonged tissue compression is a critical condition that has not yet been sufficiently studied, especially if the release of the compressed limbs is delayed. Obvious scenarios are accidents in mines, tunnels, traffic accidents, accidents, earthquakes and building collapses, terrorist acts. In each of these scenarios, the release can take a long time, usually due to technical issues.Item Radiation damage. The concept of radiation injury, medical care at the stages of medical evacuation. Acute radiation sickness. Stage treatment of patients with acute radiation sickness. Atypical forms of radiation sickness : methodical instructions for the 5th year students to the practical class(2022-12) Shelest, Borys; Martovytskyi, Dmytro; Melenevych, Anastasiia; Molotyagin, DmytroKnowledge of the effects of ionizing radiation on humans, measures to protect against them, and treatment of victims is the best antidote to fear. It is important to imagine the point where radiation becomes really life threatening. The urgency of the problem is connected not only with the adverse effects of radioactive radiation on the body of professionals who are systematically exposed to additional radiation in the course of work, but also with the study of the consequences of radioactive contamination of the area. The area of radionuclide contamination is quite large as a result of the Chernobyl explosion. In addition, there are cases of safety violations when working with radioactive substances, which leads to pathological changes in the civilian population.