Навчально-методичні видання. Кафедра внутрішніх та професійних хвороб
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Item Emergencies. Providing therapeutic care in life-threatening conditions at the stages of medical evacuation : methodical instructions for the 5th year students to the practical class(2023-09) Мартовицький, Дмитро Володимирович; Шелест, Борис Олексійович; Садовенко, Ольга Леонідівна; Брек, Валерія Василівна; Прохоренко, Василь Леонтійович; Бабічева, Олександра Олександрівна; Martovytskyi, Dmytro; Shelest, Borys; Sadovenko, O.; Brek, Valeria; Prokhorenko, V.; Babicheva, O.Providing emergency aid on the battlefield is the main guarantee of saving the life of the wounded. The analysis of the causes of the death of servicemen during hostilities shows that a significant part of them could be saved if timely and high-quality first aid was provided. This number ranges from 9 to 25 % (wars in Iraq and Afghanistan). The main causes of death of 80–90 % of such wounded were massive blood loss and shock. At the same time, the localization of wounds in 48 % of cases – in the trunk, in 31 % – in the upper and lower limbs, in 21 % – in the neck or groin areas, where the main blood vessels are located. The scope of providing medical aid on the battlefield depends on the tactical situation, the nature of the injuries received, the level of theoretical knowledge and practical skills of the person who first comes into contact with the wounded, and the medical equipment and medical supplies available to him. The development of the system of providing medical care in the armed forces of NATO countries led to a gradual change in the approach to the treatment of the wounded on the battlefield and created the prerequisites for the emergence of the concept of Tactical Combat Casualty Care.Item Crush syndrome. The amount of assistance at the stages of medical evacuation : methodical instructions for the 5th year students to the practical class(2023-09) Мартовицький, Дмитро Володимирович; Шелест, Борис Олексійович; Садовенко, Ольга Леонідівна; Брек, Валерія Василівна; Прохоренко, Василь Леонтійович; Бабічева, Олександра Олександрівна; Martovytskyi, Dmytro; Shelest, Borys; Sadovenko, O.; Brek, Valeria; Prokhorenko, V.; Babicheva, O.Syndrome of traumatic prolonged rhabdomyolysis, compression (STS, crash syndrome, crushing syndrome, traumatic limb compression syndrome, crushing syndrome, compression syndrome, release syndrome, Bywaters syndrome, myorenal syndrome, myoglobinuric nephrosis, ischemic muscle necrosis, etc.) – the body's reaction to endotoxicosis, which develops as a result of ischemic damage to tissues as a result of their mechanical compression, a severe pathological condition that occurs as a result of closed damage to significant areas of soft tissues under the influence of a large and long-lasting mechanical force; which is accompanied by a complex of specific pathological disorders: shock, heart rhythm disorders, acute kidney damage. The syndrome of prolonged tissue compression is a critical condition that has not yet been sufficiently studied, especially if the release of the compressed limbs is delayed. Obvious scenarios are accidents in mines, tunnels, traffic accidents, accidents, earthquakes and building collapses, terrorist acts. In each of these scenarios, the release can take a long time, usually due to technical issues.Item Radiation damage. The concept of radiation injury, medical care at the stages of medical evacuation. Acute radiation sickness. Stage treatment of patients with acute radiation sickness. Atypical forms of radiation sickness : methodical instructions for the 5th year students to the practical class(2022-12) Shelest, Borys; Martovytskyi, Dmytro; Melenevych, Anastasiia; Molotyagin, DmytroKnowledge of the effects of ionizing radiation on humans, measures to protect against them, and treatment of victims is the best antidote to fear. It is important to imagine the point where radiation becomes really life threatening. The urgency of the problem is connected not only with the adverse effects of radioactive radiation on the body of professionals who are systematically exposed to additional radiation in the course of work, but also with the study of the consequences of radioactive contamination of the area. The area of radionuclide contamination is quite large as a result of the Chernobyl explosion. In addition, there are cases of safety violations when working with radioactive substances, which leads to pathological changes in the civilian population.Item Organization of therapeutic care in wartime and in emergencies in peacetime(2022-12) Melenevych, Anastasiia; Martovytskyi, Dmytro; Molotyagin, DmytroMilitary field therapy is one of the disciplines of military medicine that studies the theory and practice of organizing therapeutic assistance during military operations and at the stages of medical evacuation. Military field therapy studies the causes, occurrence mechanisms, clinical manifestations, treatment and prevention of diseases of internal organs, developing from weapon effects and under the influence of the peculiarities of military work and life. Military field therapy develops optimal methods for treating therapeutic lesions in a combat situation.Item Diseases of internal organs in combat surgical trauma and injuries in catastrophes and accidents in peacetime. Diseases caused by exposure to thermal factors (heat and cold)(2022-12) Martovytskyi, Dmytro; Melenevych, Anastasiia; Molotyagin, DmytroThe evolution of firearms has a peculiar phasing, inevitably associated with the views and techniques of treating gunshot wounds. The invention of cartridges, multiply charged automatic weapons, pointed cartridges, bullets that easily unfold or flatten in the human body (which are prohibited by the III Declaration of the Hague Convention of 1899), leaving no chance for the enemy, led to the emergence of such a science as wound ballistics. Frostbite is considered a frequent companion of wars, sometimes it has the character of an epidemic and occupies a significant share in the structure of sanitary losses. Mostly the fingers of the upper and lower extremities, ears, nose, and sometimes the external genitalia are frozen. According to military and peacetime statistics, frostbite of the lower extremities predominates. Hyperthermia is a pathological condition of the body that occurs as a result of a violation of thermoregulation and / or the action of external heat.Item Hazardous and toxic substances poisoning in wartime and peacetime. Classification of hazardous chemicals. Mechanism of toxic action. Clinical manifestations of poisoning with chemical agents(2022-12) Melenevych, Anastasiia; Martovytskyi, Dmytro; Molotyagin, DmytroExposure to toxic chemicals represents an important public health problem worldwide. According to a WHO estimate (WHO, 2 000), unintentional poisonings led to 300 000 deaths in the year 2 000. Over 70 000 deaths occurred in children up to 14 years old. Rural and industrial workers use sometimes with no protection large volumes of chemicals, some of which are extremely hazardous. Pregnant women may expose themselves and the developing fetus to the effects of chemicals in their environments at crucial development periods of their life. Elderly people are, due to physiological change, more susceptible to the toxic effects of some chemicals. Lack of information and education often results in people ignoring or neglecting simple measures that could help to prevent the toxic effects of chemicals. As a result, a large number of poisoning cases result from human carelessness, negligence and ignorance, all of which could be avoidable.