Наукові праці. Кафедра фізіології

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Browsing Наукові праці. Кафедра фізіології by Author "Avilova, Olga"

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    Microscopic features of the spleen under the influence of laproxides
    (Published in cooperation with and under the patronage of the Tbilisi State Medical University, 2018) Avilova, Olga; Marakushyn, Dmytro; Nakonechna, O.; Gargin, Vitaliy
    Pollution of the environment and its influence on the body is a very urgent problem for medicine, as it is accompanied with increase in the incidence among the population [4,15]. A variety of environmental factors determines a wide range of morphological and functional changes in humans and animals. Diverse xenobiotics have an immunosuppressive effect and, therefore, the organism becomes responsive to viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases [11,14]. Chronic exposure to some well-absorbed but slowly eliminated xenobiotics can lead to their bioaccumulation in living organisms [2]. Exposure to environmental agents can compromise numerous immunological functions with immunotoxicological focuses on the evaluation of the potential adverse effects of xenobiotics on immune mechanisms that can lead to harmful changes in host responses such as: increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and tumorigenesis; the induction of hypersensitivity reactions; or an increased incidence of autoimmune disease [6]. One of xenobiotics type is class of polyethers belonging to the group called “Laproxides”, which are used in various sectors of the economy for the obtaining plastics, epoxy resins, lacquers, enamels, adhesives, etc. For the present research widely used polyether – tryglycidyl ether of polyoxypropylenetriol (TEPPT) [13] with molecular weight 303 (L-303) was chosen. Manufactures based on polyethers are used in machine-building, radio engineering, pharmaceutical, chemical, aviation, automotive and other branches of the national economy. The choice of this group of substances was performed due to large volumes of production, extensive contact with the population, the lack of prognostic characteristics of their potential danger for humans and warm-blooded animals, and the need to justify pathological mechanisms of structural and metabolic disorders under prolonged intake of subtoxic doses Immunotoxicology is the study of undesired modulation of the immune system by extrinsic factors. Toxicological assessments have demonstrated that the immune system is a target following exposure to a diverse group of xenobiotics including ultraviolet radiation, chemical pollutants, therapeutics, and recreational drugs [10,16]. The immune system plays a crucial role in maintaining health; however, accumulating evidence indicates that this system can be the target for immunotoxic effects caused by a variety of chemicals including the environmental pollutants [6]. The organs of the lymphoid system take participation in maintaining the constancy of homeostasis, among the first responding to exogenous influences and have the high potential to ensure the adaptation processes while the adverse impact of chemicals. According to the scientific literature, detergents have found wide enough tests on laboratory animals; a number of experimental studies demonstrated
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    Ultrastructural changes in the organs of the immune system under the influence of xenobiotics
    (2018) Avilova, Olga; Shyian, D.; Marakushyn, Dmytro; Erokhina, V.; Gargin, Vitaliy
    Nowadays scientific achievements in various areas of lives have caused the creation of more and more «foreign body substances» known as xenobiotics. As it is widely accepted that human health is a product of both genetics 136 МЕДИЦИНСКИЕ НОВОСТИ ГРУЗИИ CFMFHSDTKJC CFVTLBWBYJ CBF[KTYB and the environment; and premise that also holds true for the immune system with unclear morphogenetic aspect, so we selected the purpose of our work as detection of ultrastructural changes in the spleen and thymus under the influence of tryglycidyl ether of polyoxypropylenetriol (TEPPT) and propylene glycol (PP). Subacute experiment has been performed on the matured male rat’s with administration of 1/10 LD50 and 1/100 LD50 of TEPPT and PP during 7 days, 15 days, 30 days and 45 days. Obtained materials of spleen and thymus have been investigated with ultramicroscopic and histological examination. Detection of cellular density has been performed. On the base of obtained results we can conclude that structure of spleen and thymus is susceptible to influence of TEPPT and PP. Ultrastructural changes in those organs of the immune system are characterized by margination of chromatin in nuclei, appearance of pronounced invaginations of karyolemma till fragmentation of nuclei; condensed, wrinkled cytoplasm, dilatation of mitochondria, vacuolization of cytoplasm. Such changes are manifestation of hydropic dystrophy and apoptosis development with resulting in reducing of cellular density in 45 days more pronounced under TEPPT influence with 1/10 LD50 dose: in mantle zone of spleen follicle from 171.1±4.1to 123.7±10.8 cells/104 μm2, in marginal zone of spleen follicle from 104.6±3.8 to 79.4±9.7, in cortical zone of thymus from 180.1±3.9 to 128.3±9.1, in medullar zone of thymus from 137.4±3.7 to 98.6±8.3.