Gender features of the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 2 combined with hypertension

Abstract

The purose of this investigation is to study individual clinical and diagnostic characteristics in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with comorbid essential hypertension (DM + HD) with consideration for sex difference. Participants and methods. We examined 41 patients with comorbidity of type 2 diabetes and hypertension (21 men and 20 women) and 30 patients without diabetes, but having a history of hypertension (14 men and 16 women) and 20 healthy individuals. Results. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP), (DBP) is significantly higher in patients with comorbidity of DM+HD compared with HD (in men, only DBP), while the heart rate did not change. The protein content in urine was below normal values that indicates an early stage of the pathological condition. Women showed a high level of creatinine compared to normal value in both groups, although this indicator is lower compared to men and is statistically significant in DM + HD. In both groups, there were high numbers of left atrium size, end diastolic size (EDS) compared to normal value, while sex differences were noted: EDS was higher in men. The increased size of left atrium directly correlated with the end-diastolic size (higher in men), the thickness of the interventricular septum (TIVS), and thickness of posterior wall (TPW) (with DM + HD, higher in men). In men with DM + HD, the E / A was lower and the thickness of the intima-media complex (IMC) of the right common carotid artery (CCA) was higher than in the HD group. There were no statistically significant differences in the state of right and left common carotid arteries. The ejection fraction was lower compared to normal values. Conclusion. In patients with diabetes mellitus + hypertension and hypertension, the semi-dimorphic differences of TIVS, TPW, E / A, IMC of right CCA can be used to predict the development of pathological process. A decrease in level of protein in urine indicates absence of proteinuria, glomerular filtration disorders, which is due to early stage of formation of DM + HD pathological state in this category of patients. Absence of changes in urea is associated with a sufficient excretory function of kidneys.