Peculiarities of prenatal influence of a nutritional factor on the structural and functional state of the liver of newborn rats

Abstract

Disease of the digestive system occupies one of the first places in the structure of morbidity and mortality in the population of Ukraine and EU countries. The alimentary factor (diet with an excess or deficiency of nutrients) is of leading importance Among the factors that cause liver damage in the mother-fetus system. The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of excess or insufficient content of nutrients in the mother's diet on the structural and functional state of the liver of newborn rats. Materials and Methods. To achieve this goal, 20 female rats of the WAG population were used; they were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (control) - rats were in standard vivarium conditions and received a basic diet; animals of the 2nd group received a diet with excess nutrients; rats of the 3rd group received a nutrient deficient diet. The offspring of rats were hatched from experiment through decapitation straightaway after birth. Was a complex of morphological and biochemical studies of liver tissue was carried out. Results. When analysing micro preparations of liver tissue, a similarity in the nature of the induced changes in the organ rats of the 2nd and 3rd groups in the form of moderately pronounced discomplexation of beamed-radiary structure and expansion sinusoids were revealed. The difference was that in rats of the 2nd group, mainly around the zone of portal tracts, small extramedullary hematopoiesis foci; and in rats of the 3rd group, multiple small extramedullary hematopoiesis foci that indicated more pronounced hypoxia were determined. Thus, it can be noted that the greatest damage to the fetus liver was caused by nutritional deficiency in the mother's diet. When studying the fractional composition of lipids in liver homogenates of newborn rats, the following dynamics of changes was discovered: in animals of the 2nd group - an increase of cholesterol and triglycerides levels, with a decrease of PL level, and in rats of the 3rd group, a decrease in almost all fractions of lipids cholesterol, triglycerides, and NEF A (non-esterified fatty acid). The obtained data suggested that, most likely, such dynamics of changes in lipid metabolism parameters is associated with the inclusion of epigenetic programming mechanisms in the mother-fetus complex. Conclusions. Therefore, based on conducted research, we can do conclusion about the negative impact of the alimentary factor (nutrient deficiency) on the structural and functional state of the liver of newborn offspring of rats.