Immune inflammation, renal function in chronic heart failure and chronic heart failure accompanied by chronic kidney disease

Abstract

The results indicate the presence of subclinical glomerular disorders, kidney tubular interstitial fibrosis which was triggered by the cytokine activation in chronic heart failure (CHF), especially in CHF accompanied by chronic kidney disease (CKD). A greater degree of β2-microglobulin increase than cystatin C (CsC) and creatinine clearance(CCr) in both groups indicates that tubular functions in CHF and CKD are deteriorated before glomerular ones; a positive correlation of TNF-α and TGF-β1 with CsC and CCr indicates the participation of immunological and growth factors in the development of nephropathy in CHF and CHF accompanied by CKD.