Development of the related anemic syndrome in various types of endocrine pathology (literature review)

Abstract

Anemia is a public health problem in almost all countries in the world, negatively affects human health, affects all sectors of the population and creates serious negative socio-economic consequences. The fact of anemia is the basis for stating a pathological condition that requires a nosological diagnosis with the identifjcation of the causes of anemia. The article presents a review of modern literature, covering the impact of endocrine pathology on the development of various types of anemia in humans. The importance of biologically active substances in normal erythropoiesis is described, the role of erythropoietin and the action of hormones of the endocrine glands on its formation are considered. Endocrine pathologies such as hypo- and hyperthyroidism, hypo- and hyperparathyroidism, diabetes mellitus, insuffjciency of the pituitary, hypothalamus, sex glands, adrenal glands and features of the development of anemic conditions are discussed. An analysis of the literature showed that an increase or decrease in the function of individual endocrine glands leads to a disruption in the formation of erythropoietin, impaired absorption of iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 and, as a result, ineffective erythropoiesis. Anemia negatively affects the course of the underlying disease, signifjcantly worsening its prognosis, and its treatment is more often effective only in conjunction with the adjustment of hormonal status. Despite signifjcant progress in the study of the pathogenesis of anemia, the emergence of new scientifjc data on the issues and mechanisms of regulation of erythropoiesis, classifjcation options for anemia are still being discussed, the criteria for diagnosing a number of anemias and its combination with chronic diseases of endocrine and non-endocrine nature are being reviewed.