The influence of proinflammatory cytokines on the formation of cardiometabolic disorders

Abstract

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing every year, and with each year the number of patients suffering from cardiovascular complications caused by diabetes is increasing as well. Type 2 diabetes often goes along with obesity or overweight, which greatly impairs cardiovascular outcomes for such patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a specific lesion of the myocardium that occurs on the background of diabetes due to the activation of numerous pathogenetic mechanisms. None of the pathological processes in the body can sustain without the activation of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we hypothesized that in patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy, especially in those with overweight, an increase of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 contributes to the development of cardiometabolic complications and the formation of organic pathology of the myocardium. A total of 102 patients with diabetes type 2 and no severe diabetic complications were examined in the endocrinology department of the Kharkiv Regional Clinical Hospital. The following data were analyzed: anthropometric measurements, indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, the level of activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-6; as well as the intensity of cardiometabolic disorders, assessed by echocardiography. A statistical analysis revealed an increase of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 activity, starting from the early stages of the disease, as well as the direct participation of these cytokines in the formation and progression of diabetic dyslipidemia and hyperinsulinemia, which allows us to consider them as the markers of metabolic disorders in patients with diabetes type 2.