MINISTRY OF THE HEALTH OF UKRAINE
KHARKOV NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

HUMAN ANATOMY DEPARTMENT

Head of the department - prof. A. Tereshchenko

MATERIALS
OF HUMAN ANATOMY
for preparation MLE «Крок 1»

2012

Materials of human anatomy for preparation MLE «Крок 1»

Edited by prof. A. Tereshchenko – Kharkov: KNMU, 2012 – 25 p.

Compilers:       D. Sheyan
I.	 Ladnay
M. Lupyr
N. Zharova
A. Polyakova

© http://testcentr.org.ua

© Kharkov national medical university, 2012

2.0 HUMAN ANATOMY
«A» ANSWERS ARE RIGHT

	1
	A 10-year-old child complains of weakness, nausea, irritability. Helminthes of while color and 
	5-10 mm long were found on the underwear. On microscopy of the scrape from the perianal 
	folds achromic ovums of unsymmetrical form were revealed. Indicate what helminth is 
	parasiting on the child?  
A	Enterobins vermicularis  
B	Ancylostoma duodenalis   
C	Trichuris  
D	Trichina  
E	Ascaris lumbricoides  

 	2
	A patient has been brought to the hospital with the complaints of headache, pain in left 
	hypochondrium. He has been ill for 1,5 weeks. The sudden illness began with the increase of  body temperature up to 39,9oC. In 3 hours the temperature decreased and hydropoiesis 
	began. The attacks repeat rhythmically in 48 hours. The patient had visited one an African 
	country. The doctors have suspected malaria. What method of laboratory diagnostics is 
	necessary to use?   
A	Blood examination  
B	Immunological tests  
C	Stool examination  
D	Examination of vaginal and urethral discharge  
E	Urine examination  

 	3
	Slime, blood and protozoa 30-200 microns of length have been revealed in a man's feces. 
	The body is covered with cilias and has correct oval form with a little bit narrowed forward and 
	wide round shaped back end. On the forward end a mouth is visible. In cytoplasm there are 
	two nucleuses and two short vacuoles. For whom are the described attributes typical?  
A	Balantidium  
B	Lamblia  
C	Dysenteric amoeba  
D	Trichomonas  
E	Intestinal amoeba  

 	4
	A patient in three weeks after acute myocardial infarction has pain in the heart and joints and 
	pneumonia. What is the main mechanism of development of post-infarction Dressler’s 
	syndrome?
A	Autoimmune inflammation
B	Ischemia of myocardium
C	Resorption of enzymes from necrotized area of myocardium
D	Secondary infection
E	Vessels ' thrombosis

 	5
	During the fetal period of the development in the vascular system of the fetus large arterial 
	(Botallo's) duct is functioning which converts into  lig. arteriosum after birth. What anatomical 
	formations does this duct connect between each other?
A	Pulmonary trunk and aorta 
B	Right and left auricle 
C	Aorta and inferior vena cava   
D	Pulmonary trunk and superior vena cava
E	Aorta and superior vena cava

 	6
	Young man felt sharp pain in the back during active tightening on the horizontal bar. 
	Objectively: pain while moving of upper extremity, limited pronation and adduction functions. 
	Sprain of what muscle is presented?
A	М. latissimus dorsi  
B	М. levator scapulae  
C	М. romboideus major  
D	М. trapezius  
E	М. subscapularis  

 	7
	Children often have heavy nasal breathing resulting from excessive development of lymphoid 
	tissue of pharyngeal mucous membrane. What tonsils growth may cause this effect?   
A	Tonsilla pharyngea   
B	Tonsilla palatina   
C	Tonsilla lingualis   
D	Tonsilla tubaria   
E	All above mentioned tonsils  

 	8
	In course of laparotomy a surgeon revealed gangrenous lesion of descending colon. It was 
	caused by thrombosis of the following artery:   
A	Sinister colic  
B	Median colic  
C	Dexter colic  
D	Ileocolic  
E	Superior mesenteric artery  

 	9
	Three separate bones connected with cartilage in the area of pelvis cavity are noticed on the 
	X-ray of the pelvis. What are these bones?
A	Iliac, pubic, sciatic
B	Pubic, sciatic, femoral
C	Sciatic, femoral, sacral
D	Iliac, sacral, coccyx
E	Sacral, pubic, coccyx

 	10
	A 60-year-old patient has reduced perception of high-frequency sounds. What structures' 
	disorder of auditory analizer caused these changes?   
A	Main membrane of cochlea near the oval window  
B	Main membrane of cochlea near helicotrema  
C	Eustachian tube  
D	Muscles of middle ear  
E	Tympanic membrane  

 	11
	The alveolar ventilation of the patient is 5 L/min, the breath frequency is 10 per/min, and the 
	tidal volume is 700 ml. What is the patient's dead space ventilation?  
A	2,0 L/min  
B	0,7 L/min  
C	1,0 L/min  
D	4,3 L/min  
E	-  

 	12
	During investigation of patient, it was found formation in the white substance of cerebral 
	hemispheres with location in the knee and frontal part of posterior crus of internal capsule. 
	Fibres of what conductive tract of the brain will be  disrupted?
A	Tr. pyramidalis  
B	Tr. frontothalamicus  
C	Тr. thalamocorticalis  
D	Tr. frontopontinus  
E	Tr. parietooccipitopontinus  

 	13
	Only one factor can influence the charge of amino acid radicals in the active centre of enzyme. 
	Name this factor:  
A	pH medium
B	Pressure  
C	Temperature  
D	The presence of a competitive inhibitor  
E	The surplus of a product  

 	14
	Succinate dehydrogenase catalyses the dehydrogenation of succinate. Malonic acid 
	HOOC-CH2-COOH is used to interrupt the action of this enzyme. Choose the inhibition 
	type:  
A	Competitive
B	Allosteric  
C	Non-competitive  
D	Limited proteolysis  
E	Dephosphorylation  

 	15
	The gluconeogenesis is activated in the liver after intensive physical trainings .What 
	substance is utilized in gluconeogenesis first of all in this case:
A	Lactate
B	Pyruvate
C	Glucose
D	Glutamate
E	Alanine

 	16
	A patient with a stab wound of the anterior stomach wall is in surgical care. What formation of 
	abdominal cavity did the stomach contents get into?  
A	Antegastrial bursa  
B	Omental bursa  
C	Hepatic bursa  
D	Left mesenteric sinus  
E	Right mesenteric sinus  

 	17
	A patient had been taking glucocorticoids for a long time. When the preparation was 
	withdrawn he developed the symptoms of disease aggravation, decreased blood pressure 
	and weakness. What is the reason of this condition?  
A	Appearance of adrenal insufficiency  
B	Hyperproduction of ACTH  
C	Sensibilization  
D	Habituation  
E	Cumulation  

 	18
	A patient has tissue ischemia below the knee joint accompanied with intermittent 
	claudication. What artery occlusion should be suspected?   
A	Popliteal artery  
B	Peroneal artery  
C	Posterior tibial artery  
D	Anterior tibial artery  
E	Proximal part of femoral artery  

 	19
	A patient, who suffers from congenital erythropoietic porphyria, has skin photosensitivity. The 
	accumulation of what compound in the skin can cause it?  
A	Uroporphyrinogen 1  
B	Protoporphyrin  
C	Uroporphyrinogen 2  
D	Coproporphyrinogen 3  
E	Heme  

 	20
	A patient has a malignisation of  thoracic part of esophagus. What lymphatic nodes are 
	regional for this organ?  
A	Anulus lymphaticus cardiae
B	Nodi lymphatici paratrachealis
C	Nodi lymphatici prevertebralis
D	Nodi lymphatici pericardiales laterales
E	Nodi lymphatici mediastinales posteriores

 	21
	The patient has come to the hospital from the smelting workshop in the condition of 
	hyperthermia. What is the direct cause of loss of consciousness at the heat stroke?
A	Decreased brain blood supply
B	Arterial pressure drop
C	Increased water loss through sweating
D	Decrease of heart output
E	Dilatation of peripheral vessels

 	22
	A patient's blood was analyzed and the decreased erythrocyte’s sedimentation rate (ESR) 
	was discovered. What disease from the listed below is accompanied with decreased ESR?
A	Polycytemia
B	Hepatitis
C	Splenomegaly
D	Vitamin B deficiency
E	Myocardial infarction

 	23
	A 55-year-old patien was hospitalized in result of the trauma of the medial group of femoral 
	muscles. What kind of movements is the patient unable to do?
A	Adduction of femur
B	Abduction of femur
C	Flexion of femur
D	Extension of femur
E	Suppination of femur

 	24
	A mother of a newborn complains of her baby's constant belching with undigested milk. 
	Which developmental anomaly is it an evidence of?
A	Esophageal atresia
B	Labium leporium
C	Faux lupinum
D	Anal atresia
E	Esophageal fistula

 	25
	During the endoscopy the inflammation of a major papilla of the duodenum and the 
	disturbances of bile secretion were found. In which part of duodenum were the problems 
	found?
A	Descendent part
B	Ascendant part
C	Bulb
D	Upper horizontal part
E	Lower horizontal part

 	26
	A 18-year-old patient  came to the out-patient department with the complaints of bleeding 
	trauma in the vestibule of his nose. On examination: the mechanical injure of the mucous 
	layer of the vestibule without continuation into nasal cavity proper. What is the boundary 
	between the vestibule and nasal cavity proper?
A	Nasal limen
B	Nasal roller
C	Nasal septa
D	Choanes
E	Nostrils

 	27
	A 32-year-old  patient has been diagnosed with bartholinitis (inflammation of Bartholin's 
	glands ). In what part of the female urogenital system are the Bartholin's glands located?
A	The labia major
B	The labia minor
C	The clitoris
D	The vagina
E	The uterus

 	28
	A 50 year-old  patient had hemorrhage of the brain and was taken to the hospital. The place of
	 hemorrhage was revealed on the lateral hemispheres surfaces during the medical 
	examination. What artety was injured ?
A	The middle cerebral artery
B	The anterior cerebral artery
C	The posterior cerebral artery
D	The anterior communicating artery
E	The posterior communicating artery

 	29
	A 30-year-old patient was hospitalized due to bleeding of the facial artery . What  place on the 
	face has to be pressed   to stop bleeding?
A	The mandible’s edge
B	The mental process
C	The mandible’s branch
D	The nose’s back
E	The molar bone

 	30
	A 19 year-old  patient was diagnosed with appendicitis and was hospitalized. The surgical 
	operation on ablating appendix vermiformis is to be performed. What artery must be fixed to 
	stop bleeding during the surgical operation?
A	The ileocolic artery
B	The colica dextra
C	The colica media
D	The colica sinistra
E	The iliac

 	31
	A 45-year-old man fell on the right knee and felt the acute pain in the joint. On examination: 
	severe edema on the anterior surface of the knee joint. Crunching sounds are heard while 
	moving the joint. Which bone is destroyed?
A	Knee-cap
B	Neck of the thigh bone
C	Left epicondyle of the thigh
D	Right epicondyle of the thigh
E	Head of the thigh bone

 	32
	During the operation on the hip joint of a 5-year-old child her ligament was damaged which 
	caused bleeding.What ligament was damaged?
A	The head of the thigh
B	Perpendicular of the acetabule
C	Iliofemoral
D	Pubofemoral
E	Ischiofemoral

 	33
	A 6-year-old child fell on the cutting object and traumatized soft tissues between tibia and 
	fibula . What kind of bone connection was injured?
A	Membrane
B	Suture
C	Ligament
D	Fontanel
E	Gomphosis

 	34
	Usually the intravenous injection is done into median cubital vein because it is slightly 
	movable due to fixation by the soft tissues. What does it fix in the cubital fossa?
A	Aponeurosis of biceps muscle
B	Tendon of the triceps muscle
C	Brachial muscle
D	Brachioradial muscle
E	Anconeus muscle

 	35
	Victim has elbow joint trauma with avulsion of medial epicondyle of humerus. What nerve can 
	be damaged in this trauma?
A	Ulnar
B	Radial
C	Musculocutaneous nerve
D	Cardiac cutaneous nerve
E	Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

 	36
	A 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of pain in the right subcostal 
	region, vomiting with blood. Objectively: enlarged liver, varicose veins in the stomach and 
	esophagus. Disfunction of what vessel is likely to be?
A	Vena porta  
B	Aorta abdominalis  
C	Vena hepatica  
D	Vena cava superior  
E	Vena cava inferior  

 	37
	Examination of a 2-year-old child revealed physical developmental lag, the child often has 
	pneumonias. The child was diagnosed with nonclosure of ductus arteriosus. 
	Haemodynamics disorder was caused by the intercommunication of the following vessels:   
A	Aorta and pulmonary trunk  
B	Pulmonary trunk and pulmonary veins  
C	Superior cava and aorta  
D	Superior cava and pulmonary trunk  
E	Aorta and pulmonary veins  

 	38
	A 5-year-old child was admitted to the  otorhinolaryngological department with diagnosis -  
	suppurative inflammation of the middle ear. Disease started from the inflammation of the 
	nasopharynx. Through the what canal of the temporal bone did the infection get into the 
	tympanic cavity?
A	Musculortubal canal
B	Tympanic Canaliculus tympanicus
C	Carotid canal
D	Canaliculus chordal tympani
E	Canaliculi caroticotympanici

 	39
	Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) was complicated by inflammation 
	of mammillary process sockets. What wall of tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate into the 
	sockets through?   
A	Posterior  
B	Anterior  
C	Medial  
D	Lateral  
E	Superior  

 	40
	A 19-year-old female suffers from tachycardia in rest condition, weight loss, excessive 
	sweating, exophtalmos and irritability. What hormone would you expect to find elevated in her 
	serum?
A	Thyroxine
B	Cortisol
C	Mineralocorticoids
D	ACTH
E	Insulin

 	41
	A 60-year-old patient was diagnosed with hypothalamic lateral nuclei stroke. What changes in
	 patient’s behavior may be expected?  
A	The rejection of food  
B	Aggressive behaviour  
C	Depression  
D	Thirst  
E	Unsatisfied hunger  

 	42
	The process of heart transplantation determined the viability of myocardial cells. The 
	determination of what myocardium parameter is the most important?  
A	Rest potential of cardiomyocytes  
B	Heart temperature  
C	Concentration of oxygen in heart vessels  
D	Concentration of calcium-ions in myofibrils  
E	Concentration of Ca-ions in heart vessels  

 	43
	It is necessary to take the cerebrospinal fluid from a patient with suspected inflammation of 	brain tunics. Diagnostic puncture was performed between the arches of the lumbar vertebras. During the puncture the needle went through the following ligament:   
A	Yellow (flaval)  
B	Iliolumbar  
C	Anterior longitudinal  
D	Posterior longitudinal  
E	Intertransverse  

 	44
	Nowadays about 50 minor bases have been found in the t-RNA structure besides the main 	four nitrogenous bases. Choose the minor nitrogenous base:   
A	Dihydrouracil  
B	Uracil  
C	Cysteine  
D	Adenine  
E	Cytosine  

 	45
	Obturative jaundice developed in a 60-year-old patient because of malignant tumour of the  
	big papillary of the duodenal. Lumen of what anatomical structure is  squeezed with tumour?
A	Hepatopancreatic ampulla
B	Cystic duct 
C	Common hepatic duct
D	Right  hepatic duct
E	Left  hepatic duct     

 	46
	The patient with thymoma (thymus gland tumour) has cyanosis, extention of subcutaneous venous  net and edema of the soft tissues of face, neck, upper part of the trunk and upper 
	extremities. What venous trunk is pressed with tumour?
A	Superior vena cava
B	External jugular vein 
C	Clavicular vein
D	Internal jugular vein 
E	Frontal jugular vein 

 	47
	A patient operated on complicated appendicitis has the following changes of blood count: 
	erythrocytes - 4,0*1012/l, Нb - 120 g/l, color index - 0,9, leukocytes – 18*109/l, 
	basophils - 0, eosinophils - 0, myelocytes - 0, juvenile - 0, stab neutrophils - 20, 
	segmentonuclear neutrophils - 53, lymphocytes - 21, monocytes - 5. How is such nuclear 
	shift of leukocytic formula called?   
A	Degenerative left shift  
B	Right shift  
C	Regenerative left shift  
D	Hyperregenerative  
E	Regeneratively-degenerative   

 	48
	Patient complains of frequent and difficult urination.  Imperfection of what formation can cause
	 it?
A	Prostate
B	Testicles   
C	Bulb-uretic glands
D	Testicle adnexa 
E	Sperm bubbles

 	49
	Child inspired button. Where is it likely to be?  
A	In the right main bronchus
B	In the left main bronchus
C	In the trachea 
D	In the larynx  
E	In the gullet

 	50
	Vegetative abnormalities in the sleep, heat regulation, all kinds of metabolism, diabetes insipidus are developing in the patient due to grouth of the tumour in the III ventricle of brain. Irritation of the nucleus of what part of the brain can cause this symptoms?  
A	Hypothalamus
B	Cerebral peduncles  (cruces cerebri)
C	Mesencephalic tegmentum  
D	Pons cerebelli 
E	Medulla

 	51
	A patient with infectious mononucleosis had been taking glucocorticoids for two weeks. He 
	was brought into remission, but he fell ill with acute attack of chronic tonsillitis. What action of 
	glucocorticoids caused this complication?    
A	Immunosuppressive  
B	Anti-inflammatory  
C	Antishock  
D	Antiallergic  
E	Antitoxic  

 	52
	A 45-year-old man with domestic apper arm injuiry came to the trauma unit. The objective 
	data are: there are no extension, adduction or pronation functions of the arm. What muscle 
	damage caused this condition?  
A	Teres major  
B	Subscapular  
C	Teres minor  
D	Subspinous  
E	Supraspinous  

 	53
	A man with internal abdominal right side injury and suspicion  of liver rupture was admitted to 	the traumatological department. In what peritonial structure will  blood accumulate?
A	Excavatio rectovesicalis  
B	Bursa omentalis  
C	Recessus intersigmoideus  
D	Fossa ischio-analis  
E	Recessus duodenalis inferior  

 	54
	A histological spacemen presents parenchymal organ, which has cortex and medulla. Cortex 
	consists of epitheliocytes bars with blood capillaries between them; the bars form three 
	zones. Medulla consists of chromaffinocytes and venous sinusoids. Which organ has these 
	morphological features?  
A	Adrenal gland  
B	Kidney  
C	Lymph node  
D	Thymus  
E	Thyroid  

 	55
	After trauma a 44-year-old patient had a rupture of left palm muscle tendons and of the  surface of blood vessels. After operation and removal of the most part of the necrotically 
	changed muscle tissue the bloodstream was normalized. What vessels have helped with 
	restoration of bloodstream?
A	Arcus palmaris profundus  
B	Arcus palmaris superficialis  
C	Aa. digitales palmares communes  
D	Aa. metacarpeae palmares  
E	Aa. perforantes  

 	56
	A 45-year-old man applied to the trauma unit because of domestic shoulder trauma. 
	Objectively: flexibility,  reduction and pronation functions of the shoulder are absent. What 
	muscle was injured?
A	Teres major muscle
B	Subscapular muscle
C	Teres minor muscle
D	Infraspinous  muscle
E	Supraspinous muscle

 	57
	Ovarian tumour was diagnozed in the woman. Surgery was indicated. What ligament should 
	be cut by the surgeon to disconnect the ovary and the uterus?
A	The ovarial ligament
B	Broad ligament of  uterus
C	Lateral umbilical ligament
D	Suspensory ligament of  ovary
E	Round ligament of uterus

 	58
	An old woman was hospitalized with acute pain, edema in the right hip joint; the movements 	in the joint are limited. Which bone or part of it was broken?    
A	The neck of the thigh  
B	The body of the thigh bone  
C	Condyle of the thigh  
D	Pubic bone  
E	Ischial bone  

 	59
	A 53-year-old female patient was diagnosed with liver rupture resulting from a blunt abdominal injury. The escaped blood will be assembled in the following anatomic formation:  
A	Rectouterine pouch  
B	Vesicouterine pouch  
C	Right mesenteric sinus  
D	Omental bursa  
E	Left mesenteric sinus  

 	60
	A patient complains about edemata of legs, skin cyanosis, small ulcers on one side of the 
	lateral condyle. Examination revealed a swelling, enlarged veins, formation of nodes. The 
	pathological process has started in the following vein:   
A	V. saphena parva  
B	V. saphena magna  
C	V. femoralis  
D	V. profunda femoris  
E	V. iliaca externa  

 	61
	A 70 year old female patient was diagnosed with fracture of left femoral neck accompanied by disruption of ligament of head of femur. The branch of the following artery is damaged:   
A	Obturator   
B	Femoral   
C	External iliac   
D	Inferior gluteal   
E	Internal pudendal   

 	62
	A woman underwent an operation on account of extrauterine (tubal) pregnancy. In course of 	the operation the surgeon should ligate the branches of the following arteries:   
A	Uterine and ovarian  
B	Superior cystic and ovarian  
C	Inferior cystic and ovarian  
D	Uterine and superior cystic  
E	Uterine and inferior cystic  

 	63
	A 6 month old baby ill with bronchitis was taken for an X-ray of chest. Apart of changes 
	associated with bronchi the X-ray film showed a shadow of thymus gland. What might have 
	caused such changes?   
A	The above-mentioned condition is a normal variant for this age  
B	It's the effect of bronchitis  
C	It is caused by abnormal position  
D	It is caused by thymus inflammation  
E	It is caused by neoplastic process  

 	64
	A 7-year-old child can't abduct the shoulder, raise it to the horizontal level.  He can raise the 
	hand to the face only  with dorsal side with abduction of the shoulder (with help of 	supraspinous muscle ) - "bugler" arm. Active function of what muscle is absent?
A	Deltoid
B	Infraspinous
C	Pectoral major
D	Teres minor
E	Teres major

 	65
	A 7-year-old girl has signs of anemia. Laboratory examination revealed pyruvate kinase 	deficiency in erythrocytes. What process disturbance plays the main role in anemia 
	development?   
A	Anaerobic glycolysis  
B	Oxidative phosphorylation  
C	Tissue respiration  
D	Peroxide decomposition  
E	Aminoacids desamination  

 	66
	A patient complained about being unable to adduct and abduct fingers in the metacarpophalangeal articulations towards and away from the 3rd finger. Which muscles' 
	function is impaired?   
A	Interosseous muscles   
B	Lumbrical muscles   
C	Breviflexors of fingers   
D	Long flexors of fingers   
E	Extensors  

 	67
	A 45-year-old patient was admitted to the surgical department with complaints of abrupt sharp
	 pain in the epigastric region. After examination it was diagnosed: perforated ulcer of the 
	posterior wall of the stomach. Where did content of the stomach  flow out while perforation?
A	To the omental bursa
B	To the liver bursa
C	To the proventriculus sack
D	To the left mesenteric sinus
E	To the right mesenteric sinus

 	68
	A 25-year-old patient complained of the decreased vision.  Accommodation disorders, dilated 
	pupil, not reacting on the light were revealed on examination. Function of what muscles is   
	disturbed?
A	Pupil narrowing muscle, ciliary   
B	Pupil dilating muscle,  ciliary
C	Inferior oblique muscle,  ciliary
D	Lateral rectus muscle, pupil narrowing
E	Pupil narrowing and dilating muscle

 	69
	Microspecimen of spinal cord contains a nucleus that should be analyzed. Its neurons form 
	motor endings in the skeletal muscles. What nucleus of spinal cord is meant?    
A	Proper nucleus of the anterior horn  
B	Thoracic nucleus  
C	Intermediate lateral nucleus  
D	Proper nucleus of the posterior horn  
E	Proper nucleus of gray substance  

 	70
	A man with cut wound of his right foot sole was admitted to the hospital ward. The patient has 
	limited elevation of the lateral foot edge. In course of wound management the injury of a 
	muscle tendon was revealed. What muscle is injured?  
A	Long peroneal  
B	Anterior tibial  
C	Long extensor muscle of toes  
D	Triceps muscle of crus  
E	Short peroneal  

 	71
	A 35 year old man with a trauma of his left hand was admitted to the traumatology 
	department. Objectively: cut wound of palmar surface of left hand; middle phalanxes of II–V 
	fingers don't bend. What muscles are damaged?   
A	Superficial finger flexor  
B	Profound finger flexor  
C	Lumbrical muscles  
D	Palmar interosseous muscles  
E	Dorsal interosseous muscles  

 	72
	A 38-year-old patient came to a traumatology centre and complained about an injury of his 
	right hand. Objectively: the patient has a cut wound in the region of the thenar eminence on 
	the right hand; distal phalanx of the I finger cannot be flexed. What muscle was injured?   
A	Long flexor muscle of thumb  
B	Short flexor muscle of thumb  
C	Short abductor muscle of thumb   
D	Opposer muscle of thumb   
E	Abductor muscle of thumb  

 	73
	A patient with neuritis of femoral nerve has disturbed flexion of thigh as well as disturbed crus
	 extension in the knee joint. What muscle's function is disturbed?  
A	Quadriceps muscle of thigh  
B	Biceps muscle of thigh  
C	Triceps muscle of thigh  
D	Semitendinous muscle  
E	Semimembranous muscle  

 	74
	In the specimen of one of the parts of respiratory system a tubular organ was found. It has low
	 epithelium, well developed muscular tunic, glands and cartilage are absent. Name this 
	organ:   
A	Minor bronchs  
B	Trachea  
C	Larynx  
D	Major bronchs  
E	Median bronchs  

 	75
	Where should the cathetor for evacuation of the lymph from the thoracic lymph duct be 
	inserted?
A	To the left venous corner
B	To the right venous corner
C	To the superior vena cava
D	To the inferior vena cava 
E	To the left inguinal vein

 	76
	A patient has difficulties with hand movement. Examination revealed inflammation of common
	 synovial sheath of flexor muscles. It is known from the patient's anamnesis that he got a stab
	 wound of finger a week ago. Which finger was most probably damaged?   
A	Digitus minimus  
B	Pollex   
C	Digitus medius   
D	Index   
E	Digitus anularis   

 	77
	An injured man has bleeding from branches of carotid artery. For a temporary arrest of 
	bleeding it is necessary to press the carotid artery to the tubercle of a cervical vertebra. Which 
	vertebra is it?  
A	VI  
B	V  
C	IV  
D	III  
E	II  

 	78
	As a result of an accident a patient has intense painfullness and edema of the anterior crus 
	surface; dorsal flexion of foot is hindered. Function of which crus muscle is most likely to be 
	disturbed?   
A	M.tibialis anterior  
B	M.flexor digitorum longus  
C	M.flexor hallucis longus  
D	M.peroneus longus  
E	M.peroneus brevis  

 	79
	A 40-year-old patient complains of intensive heartbeats, sweating, nausea, visual 
	impairment, arm tremor, hypertension. From his anamnesis: 2 years ago he was diagnosed 
	with pheochromocytoma. Hyperproduction of what hormones causes the given pathology?   
A	Catecholamines  
B	Aldosterone  
C	Glucocorticoids  
D	ACTH  
E	Thyroidal hormones  

 	80
	A patient who suffers from cancer of back of tongue has an intense bleeding as a result of 
	affection of dorsal lingual artery by the tumour. What vessel should be ligated to stop 
	bleeding?   
A	Lingual artery  
B	Dorsal lingual artery  
C	Deep lingual artery  
D	Facial artery  
E	Ascending pharyngeal artery  

 	81
	A 58-year-old patient with acute cardiac insufficiency has decreased volume of daily urine - 
	oliguria. What is the mechanism of this phenomenon?     
A	Decreased glomerular filtration  
B	Decreased number of functioning glomerules  
C	Drop of oncotic blood pressure  
D	Rise of hydrostatic blood pressure in capillars  
E	Reduced permeamility of renal filter  

 	82
	An 18-year-old man was delivered to the hospital after a road accident. Examination at the 
	traumatological department revealed multiple injuries of soft tissues of face in the region of 
	the medial eye angle. The injuries caused massive haemorrhage. What arterial anastomosis
	 might have been damaged in this region?   
A	a. carotis externa et a. carotis interna  
B	a. carotis externa et a. subclavia  
C	a. carotis interna et  a. subclavia  
D	a. subclavia et a. ophthalmica  
E	a. carotis interna et a. ophthalmica  

 	83
	After a 2 y.o. child has had flu, there appeared complaints about ear ache. A doctor revealed 
	hearing impairment and inflammation of the middle ear. How did the infection penetrate into 
	the middle ear?   
A	Through the auditory tube  
B	Through foramen jugularis   
C	Through canalis caroticus   
D	Through atrium mastoideum  
E	Through canalis nasolacrimalis   

 	84
	A surgeon has to find the common hepatic duct during the operative intervention on account of
	 concrements in the gall ducts. The common hepatic duct is located between the leaves of:   
A	Hepatoduodenal ligament   
B	Hepatogastric ligament   
C	Hepatorenal ligament   
D	Round ligament of liver   
E	Venous ligament   

 	85
	Cerebral trauma caused increase of ammonia formation. What aminoacid takes part in 
	removal of ammonia from cerebral tissue?   
A	Glutamic  
B	Tyrosine  
C	Valine  
D	Tryptophan  
E	Lisine  

 	86
	A 40-year-old woman was admitted to the infectious diseases department with high body 
	temperature. Objectively: marked meningeal symptoms. A spinal cord punction was made. 
	What anatomic formation was puncturated?   
A	Spatium subarachnoideum   
B	Spatium subdurale   
C	Spatium epidurale   
D	Cavum trigeminale   
E	Cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior   

 	87
	After resection of the middle third of femoral artery obliterated by a thromb the lower extremity 
	is supplied with blood due to the surgical bypass. Name an artery that plays the main role in 
	reestablishment of blood flow:  
A	Deep femoral artery  
B	Superficial circumflex artery of hip bone  
C	Descending genicular artery  
D	Superficial epigastric artery  
E	Deep external pudendal artery  

 	88
	A patient's knee joint doesn't extend, there is no knee-jerk reflex, skin sensitivity of the anterior 
	femoral surface is disturbed. What nerve structures are damaged?  
A	Femoral nerve  
B	Superior gluteal nerve  
C	Big fibular nerve  
D	Obturator nerve  
E	Inferior gluteal nerve  

 	89
	The electronic microphoto of kidney fragment has exposed afferent glomerular arteriole, 
	which has giant cells under its endothelium, containing secretory granules. Name the type of 
	these cells:  
A	Juxtaglomerular  
B	Mesangial  
C	Smoothmuscular  
D	Juxtavascular  
E	Interstitial  

 	90
	A 50 y.o. patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints about pain behind his 
	breastbone, asphyxia during physical activity. Angiography revealed pathological changes in 
	the posterior interventricular branch of the right coronary artery. What heart parts are affected? 
A	Posterior wall of the right and left ventricles  
B	Left atrium  
C	Anterior wall of the right and left ventricles  
D	Right atrium  
E	Right atrioventricular valve  

 	91
	A patient was admitted to the surgical department with suspected inflammation of Meckel's 
	diverticulum. What part of bowels should be examined in order to discover the diverticulum in 
	course of an operation?   
A	Ileum 
B	Duodenum   
C	Jejunum  
D	Caecum   
E	Colon ascendens  

 	92
	Examination of a newborn boy's genitals revealed a cleft of urethra that opens on the inferior 
	surface of his penis. What developmental anomaly is meant?   
A	Hypospadia  
B	Hermaphroditism  
C	Epispadia  
D	Monorchism  
E	Cryptorchism  

 	93
	A patient complains about impaired evacuatory function of stomach (long-term retention of 
	food in stomach). Examination revealed a tumour of initial part of duodenum. Specify 
	localization of the tumour:    
A	Pars superior  
B	Pars inferior  
C	Pars descendens  
D	Pars ascendens  
E	Flexura duodeni inferior  

 	94
	A man after 1,5 litre blood loss has suddenly reduced diuresis. The increased secretion of 
	what hormone caused such diuresis alteration?  
A	Vasopressin  
B	Corticotropin  
C	Natriuretic  
D	Cortisol  
E	Parathormone  

 	95
	A young man consulted a doctor about disturbed urination. Examination of his external 
	genitals revealed that urethra is split on top and urine runs out of this opening. What anomaly 
	of external genitals development is the case?  
A	Epispadia  
B	Phimosis  
C	Hermaphroditism  
D	Paraphimosis  
E	Hypospadia  

 	96
	A 35 year old patient applied to a doctor with complaints about having intense rhinitis and 
	loss of sense of smell for a week. Objectively: nasal cavity contains a lot of mucus that covers 
	mucous membrane and blocks olfactory receptors. In what part of nasal cavity are these 
	receptors situated?   
A	Superior nasal turbinate  
B	Median nasal turbinate  
C	Inferior nasal turbinate  
D	Common nasal meatus  
E	Vestibule of nose  

 	97
	Inflammatory process of modified subserous layer around cervix of the uterus caused an 
	intensive pain syndrome. In what region of genitals does the pathological process take 
	place?   
A	Parametrium   
B	Mesometrium   
C	Myometrium   
D	Endometrium   
E	Perimetrium   

 	98
	In course of an operation surgeon removed a part of a lung that was ventilated by a tertiary 
	bronchus accompanied by branches of pulmonary artery and other vessels. What part of a 
	lung was removed?   
A	Bronchopulmonary segment  
B	Middle lobe  
C	Inferior lobe  
D	Superior lobe  
E	Pulmonary lobule  

 	99
	While examining the oral cavity a stomatologist revealed inflammation of papillae on the 
	border of the median and posterior third of the back of tongue. What papillae are inflamed?   
A	Papillae vallatae  
B	Papillae fungiformes  
C	Papillae foliatae  
D	Papillae filiformes  
E Papillae conicae  

 	100
	Examination of a patient revealed an abscess of pterygopalatine fossa. Where can the 
	infection spread to unless the disease is managed in time?   
A	To the orbit  
B	To the interpterygoid space  
C	To the frontal sinus  
D	To the subgaleal temporal space  
E	To the tympanic cavity  

 	101
	During complicated labour the symphysis pubis ruptured. What organ can be damaged 
	mostly?  
A	Urinary blader  
B	Rectum  
C	Ovaria  
D	Uterine tubes  
E	Uterus  

 	102
	A patient with cholelithiasis fell ill with mechanic jaundice. Examination revealed that the 
	stone was in the common bile duct. What bile-excreting ducts make up the obturated duct?   
A	Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus cysticus   
B	Ductus hepaticus dexter et sinister  
C	Ductus hepaticus dexter et ductus cysticus  
D	Ductus hepaticus sinister et ductus cysticus  
E	Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus choledochus  

 	103
	Neurological examination of a 65 y.o. patient revealed a haemorrhage within the superior 
	temporal gyrus. In the blood supply area of which artery is it?   
A	Middle cerebral artery  
B	Anterior cerebral artery  
C	Posterior cerebral artery  
D	Anterior communicating artery  
E	Basilar artery  

 	104
	A 70 y.o. man has cut an abscess off in the area of mammiform process during shaving. Two 
	days later he was admitted to the hospital with inflammation of arachnoid membranes. How 
	did the infection penetrate into the cavity of skull?  
A	V.emissariaе mastoideaе  
B	V.v.labyrinthi  
C	V.v.tympanicae  
D	V.facialis  
E	V.v.auriculares  

 	105
	The cerebrospinal fluid is being examined for the purpose of diffrential meningitis 
	diagnostics. At what site is the lumbal puncture safe?   
A	L III-L IV  
B	L II-L III  
C	L I-L II  
D	Th XII-L I  
E	L V-S I  

 	106
	While preparing a patient to the operation the heart chambers' pressure was measured. In 
	one of them the pressure changed during one heart cycle from 0 to 120 mm Hg. What 
	chamber of heart was it?    
A	Left ventricle  
B	Right ventricle  
C	Right atrium  
D	Left atrium  
E	-  

 	107
	Part of alveoles of a preterm infant didn't spread because of enhanced elastic recoil of lungs. 
	How can this recoil be reduced?   
A	By surfactant introduction  
B	By pure oxygene inhalation  
C	By artificial pulmonary ventilation  
D	By fluid suction from the respiratory tracts  
E	By glycose introduction   

 	108
	Preventive examination of a patient revealed an enlarged lymph node of metastatic origin on 
	the medial wall of the left axillary crease. Specify the most likely localization of the primary 
	tumour:  
A	Mammary gland  
B	Submandibular salivary gland  
C	Lung  
D	Stomach  
E	Thyroid gland  

 	109
	A man suffering from osteochondrosis got acute pain in the abdominal muscles (lateral and anterior). During objective examination a physician diagnosticated increased pain sensitivity 
	of skin in the hypogastric region. This pain might be caused by affection of the following nerve:
	   
A	Iliohypogastric  
B	Sciatic  
C	Obturator  
D	Femoral  
E	Genitofemoral  

 	110
	A woman suffering from osteochondrosis felt acute pain in her humeral articulation that 
	became stronger when she abducted her shoulder. These symptoms might be caused by damage of the following nerve:   
A	Axillary nerve  
B	Subscapular nerve  
C	Dorsal scapular nerve  
D	Subclavicular nerve  
E	Throracodorsal nerve  

 	111
	Pyeloureterography X-ray photo showed a renal pelvis with minor calyces only (major calyces 
	were absent). What form of urinary tracts of a kidney was revealed?   
A	Embryonal  
B	Fetal  
C	Mature  
D	Ampullar  
E	-  

 	112
	A patient has a deep cut wound on the posterior surface of his shoulder in its middle third. What muscle might be injured?   
A	Triceps muscle of arm  
B	Biceps muscle of arm  
C	Anconeus muscle  
D	Brachial muscle  
E	Coracobrachial muscle  

 	113
	A patient has pain, edema and reddening of his skin in the anterosuperior area of his thigh 
	and his foot's thumb. What lymph nodes of his lower extremity responded to the inflammatory 
	process?   
A	Superficial inguinal  
B	Deep inguinal  
C	Internal longitudinal  
D	Superficial longitudinal  
E	General longitudinal  

 	114
	A patient got a craniocerebral trauma that resulted in right-side convergent strabismus. 
	Damage of which craniocerebral nerve caused such consequences?   
A	n.abducens  
B	n.facialis  
C	n.trigeminus  
D	n.trochlearis  
E	n.aculomotorius  

 	115
	In case of a penetrating wound of the anterior abdominal wall the wound tract went above the lesser curvature of stomach. What peritoneum formation is most likely to be injured?  
A	Ligamentum hepatogastricum  
B	Ligamentum gastrocolicum  
C	Ligamentum hepatoduoduodenale  
D	Ligamentum hepatorenale  
E	Ligamentum triangulare sinistrum  

 	116
	After a trauma a patient lost ability of elbow extension. This might have been caused by dysfunction of the following main muscle:   
A	m. triceps brachii   
B	m. subscapularis  
C	m. teres major  
D	m. infraspinatus  
E	m. levator scapulae  

 	117
	A patient has been diagnosed with a compression fracture of a lumbar vertebra. As a result 
	he has a considerable increase in curvature of the lumbar lordosis. Which ligament damage 
	can induce such changes in the spine curvature?   
A	Anterior longitudinal ligament   
B	Posterior longitudinal ligament   
C	Yellow ligament   
D	Iliolumbar ligament   
E	Interspinous ligament   

 	118
	After a craniocerebral trauma a patient lost the ability to execute learned purposeful 
	movements (apraxia). The injury is most likely localized in the following region of the cerebral 
	cortex:   
A	Gyrus supramarginalis  
B	Gyrus angularis  
C	Gyrus paracentralis  
D	Gyrus lingualis  
E	Gyrus parahippocampalis  

 	119
	A patient got an injury of spinal marrow in a road accident that caused loss of tactile sensation, posture sense, vibration sense. What conduction tracts are damaged?   
A	Fascicle of Goll and cuneate fascicle   
B	Anterior spinocerebellar tract   
C	Rubrospinal tract   
D	Reticulospinal tract  
E	Tectospinal tract  

 	120
	Examination of a patient revealed hypertrophy and inflammation of lymphoid tissue, edema of 
	mucous membrane between palatine arches (acute tonsillitis). What tonsil is normally 
	situated in this area?   
A	Tonsilla palatina  
B	Tonsilla pharyngealis    
C	Tonsilla tubaria  
D	Tonsilla lingualis   
E	-

 	121
	While performing an operation in the area of axillary crease a surgeon has to define an arterial vessel surrounded by fascicles of brachial plexus. What artery is it?   
A	A.axillaris  
B	A.vertebralis  
C	A.transversa colli  
D	A.profunda brachii  
E	A.subscapularis   

 	122
	Examination of a patient with impaired blood coagulation revealed thrombosis of a branch of 
	inferior mesenteric artery. What bowel segment is damaged?
A	Colon sigmoideum  
B	Ileum  
C	Caecum  
D	Colon transversum  
E	Colon ascendens  

 	123
	A patient was admitted to the surgical department with inguinal hernia. During the operation the surgeon performs plastic surgery on posterior wall of inguinal canal. What structure forms
	 this wall?   
A	Transverse fascia   
B	Aponeurosis of abdominal external oblique muscle  
C	Inguinal ligament   
D	Loose inferior edge of transverse abdominal muscle   
E	Peritoneum   

 	124
	A man with an injury of the dorsal area of his neck was admitted to the resuscitation 
	department. What muscle occupies this area?   
A	M.trapezius   
B	M.sternocleidomastoideus  
C	M.latissimus dorsi  
D	M.rhomboideus minor  
E	M.scalenus anterior  

 	125
	A patient complains of dizziness and hearing loss. What nerve is damaged?   
A	Vestibulocochlear  
B	Trigeminus  
C	Sublingual  
D	Vagus  
E	Trochlear  

 	126
	While palpating mammary gland of a patient a doctor revealed an induration in form of a node
	 in the inferior medial quadrant. Metastases may extend to the following lymph nodes:  
A	Parasternal  
B	Posterior mediastinal  
C	Profound lateral cervical  
D	Bronchopulmonary  
E	Superior diaphragmal  

 	127
	A patient got a trauma that caused dysfunction of motor centres regulating activity of head 
	muscles. In what parts of cerebral cortex is the respective centre normally localized?   
A	Inferior part of precentral gyrus   
B	Superior part of precentral gyrus   
C	Supramarginal gyrus  
D	Superior parietal lobule   
E	Angular gyrus   

 	128
	Examination of a 6-month-old child revealed a delay in closure of the occipital fontanelle. When should it normally close?   
A	Until 3 months   
B	Before the child is born   
C	Until 6 months   
D	Until the end of the first year of life   
E	Until the end of the second year of life   

 	129
	A patient was diagnosed with paralysis of facial and masticatory muscles. The haematoma is inside the genu of internal capsule. What conduction tract is damaged?    
A	Tr. cortico-nuclearis  
B	Tr. cortico-spinalis  
C	Tr. cortico-thalamicus  
D	Tr. cortico-fronto-pontinus  
E	Tr. cortico-temporo-parieto-occipito-pontinus  

 	130
	A patient has lost skin sensitivity in the region of the medial surface of his shoulder. This is 	the result of dysfunction of the following nerve:   
A	Medial brachial cutaneous nerve  
B	Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve  
C	Radial nerve  
D	Ulnar nerve  
E	Axillary nerve  

 	131
	A foreign body (a button) closed space of the right superior lobar bronchus. What segments of the right lung won't be supplied with air?   
A	Apical, posterior, anterior   
B	Superior and inferior lingular   
C	Apical and posterior basal   
D	Apical and median basal   
E	Medial and lateral   

 	132
	A patient was diagnosed with bartholinitis (inflammation of greater vulvovaginal glands). In 
	which organ of urogenital system are these glands localized?   
A	Large lips of pudendum   
B	Small lips of pudendum   
C	Clitoris   
D	Vagina   
E	Uterus   

 	133
	While performing an inguinal canal operation on account of hernia a surgeon damaged the 
	canal's contents. What exactly was damaged?  
A	Funiculus spermaticus  
B	Urarchus  
C	Lig. teres uteri  
D	Lig. inguinalе  
E	- 

 	134
	Ultrasonic examination of a patient revealed aneurism in the area of aortic arch that caused 
	alteration of vocal function of larynx. What nerve was constricted?   
A	Recurrent laryngeal   
B	Diaphragmatic   
C	Superior laryngeal   
D	Mandibular   
E	Sublingual   

 	135
	Surgical approach to the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar) approach involves opening of interaponeurotic suprasternal space. What anatomic structure localized in this space is 
	dangerous to be damaged?    
A	Jugular venous arch   
B	External jugular vein   
C	Subclavicular vein   
D	Inferior thyroid arthery   
E	Superior thyroid arthery   

 	136
	In course of a small pelvis operation it became necessary to ligate an ovarian artery. What formation may be accidentally ligated together with it?   
A	Ureter  
B	Uterine tube  
C	Round ligament of uterus  
D	Internal iliac vein  
E	Urethra  

 	137
	An injured person was delivered to the hospital with a penetrating wound in the left lateral region of abdomen. What part of the large intestine is most likely damaged?   
A	Colon descendens  
B	Colon ascendens  
C	Colon transverses  
D	Caecum  
E	Rectum  

 	138
	After a road accident a driver was delivered to the hospital with an injury of the medial epicondyle of humerus. What nerve might be damaged in this case?   
A	n. Ulnaris
B	n. radialis
C	n. axillaris 
D	n. muscolocutaneus  
E	n. medianus  

 	139
	A patient with a knife wound in the left lumbal part was delivered to the emergency hospital. In course of operation a surgeon found that internal organs were not damaged but the knife 
	injured one of muscles of renal pelvis. What muscle is it?   
A	Greater psoas muscle  
B	Iliac muscle  
C	Erector muscle of spine  
D	Abdominal internal oblique muscle  
E	Abdominal external oblique muscle  

 	140
	A 25 year old patient was examined by a medical board. Examination revealed pathology of chest. Transverse dimensions were to small and the sternum was strongly protruding. What 
	chest type is it?   
A	Keeled chest   
B	Funnel chest   
C	Flat chest   
D	Cylindrical chest   
E	Barrel chest   

 	141
	A man with a stab wound in the area of quadrilateral foramen applied to a doctor. Examination  revealed that the patient was unable to draw his arm aside from his body. What nerve is most
	 probably damaged?   
A	N.axillaris
B	N.medianus 
C N.radialis  
D	N.ulnaris  
E	N.subclavius  

 	142
	Brain tomography revealed a tumour in the region of red nucleus. What part of brain 
	isdamaged?   
A	Midbrain  
B	Medulla oblongata   
C	Cerebellum   
D	Interbrain   
E	Pons cerebelli