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http://repo.knmu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/5824
Title: | Evolution of examination method in pulmonology, spirometry |
Authors: | Bankole, Oluwalorisuna Yomi Kochubiei, Oksana |
Keywords: | еxamination method spirometry pulmonology |
Issue Date: | Apr-2014 |
Publisher: | KhNMU |
Citation: | Bankole Oluwalorisuna Yomi. Evolution of examination method in pulmonology, spirometry / Oluwalorisuna Yomi Bankole, О. Kochubiei // Evolution of examination methods in pulmonology, gastroenterology, and nephrology : Internetional scientific student’s conference, Kharkiv, 1 of April 2014. – Kharkiv : KhNMU, 2014. – Р. 10–11. |
Abstract: | Pulmonology is the medical specialty dealing with disease involving the respiratory tract. The spirograph is a major diagnostic instrument, which is useful in cases of asthma, COPD, and the diagnosis of many other respiratory diseases. History One of the first major discoveries relevant to the field of Pulmonology was the discovery of pulmonary circulation. Major Contributions before 19th century. The earliest known history of the concept of spirometry goes back to the time of the Roman Empire, specifically between 129-200 AD. Greek doctor and philosopher, Claudius Galen, performed a volumetric experiment on human ventilation. He had a boy breathe in and out of a bladder and discovered that after a period of time, the volume of gas did not change. After this, Around 1681, Giovanni Alfonso Borelli attempted to measure the volume of air inspired in one breath by sucking a liquid up a tube and measuring its volume. One thing he did that is still performed today is block off the nostrils. During the early 1700’s, J. Jurin was the first known scientist to record absolute measurements of air volumes. He measured a tidal volume of 650 mL and also a maximal expiration of 3610 mL. Major Contributions during the 19th century. At the beginning of the 1800’s, Sir Humphry Davy used a gasometer to measure various volumes and capacities. He took his own measurements, which turned out to be a vital capacity of 3110 mL, a tidal volume of 210 mL, and, using a hydrogen dilution method, a residual volume of 590-600 mL. The gasometer he used was a complex instrument with an ingenious counterweight used to balance the increased weight of the gasometer when the gas enters from the silk bag. Invention of the spirometer. By the 1840’s, John Hutchinson, a surgeon, had begun his work with spirometers. He invented the spirometer to measure vital capacity, which he believed to be a powerful indicator of longevity. His spirometer consisted of a calibrated bell inverted in water, which captured exhaled air from the lungs. According to Eckert, Hutchinson recorded the vital capacities of over 4000 persons with his spirometer. Less than ten years after Hutchinson came out with his spirometer, Wintrich developed a spirometer that was easier to use. He performed tests on over 4000 people and concluded that the three parameters that determine vital capacity are body height, weight, and age. Later in 1859, E. Smith developed a portable spirometer, on which he measured gas metabolism. In 1866, Salter added a kymograph to the spirometer in order to record time while obtaining air volumes. T.G. Brodie was the first to use a dry bellow wedge spirometer in 1902, which is the precursor of the Fleisch spirometer. Modern spirometry. Spirometry falls under the broader concept of calorimetry. Calorimetry is the accurate quantification of energy expenditure during rest and physical activity. And there are open circuit (which measures energy expenditure in physical activity) and closed (used less frequently during physical activity) circuit spirometry. In conclusion, the history of spirometry consists of various researchers, concepts, and equipment. It began in the 2nd century with measurements of ventilatory volumes, progressed into more complex measurement of lung functions using a variety of techniques. Now, after years of experiments, it is an accurate way to measure energy expenditure. |
URI: | https://repo.knmu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/5824 |
Appears in Collections: | Наукові роботи молодих вчених. Кафедра пропедевтики внутрішньої медицини № 1, основ біоетики та біобезпеки |
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Bankole Oluwalorisuna Yomi.doc | 28,5 kB | Microsoft Word | View/Open |
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